Article PDF
References
Foulds WS : The local excision of choroidal melanomata. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1973, 93: 343–6.
Foulds WS : Experience of the local excision of uveal melanomas. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977, 97: 412–15.
Foulds WS : Current options in the management of choroidal melanoma. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1983, 103: 28–34.
Balazs EA, Laurent TC, Laurent UBG, de Roche MH, Bunney DM : Studies on the structure of the vitreous body VIII. Comparative Biochemistry. Arch Biochem Biophys 1959, 81: 464–79.
Balazs EA : Molecular morphology of the vitreous body. In: Structure of the Eye, Smelser GK (ed) New York 1961, Academic Press Inc, 293–310.
Mathews MB : The interaction of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides. A model for connective tissue. Biochem J 1965, 96, 710–16.
Serafini-Fracassini A, Wells PJ, Smith JW : Studies on the interactions between glycosaminoglycans and fibrillar collagen. In: Chemistry & Molecular Biology of the intercellular matrix. Balazs EA (ed), New York 1970, Academic Press Inc, 2 1201–5.
Ogston AG : The biological function of the glycosaminoglycans. In: Chemistry and Molecular biology of the intercellular matrix. Balazs EA (ed), London 1970, Academic Press Inc, 1231–40.
Comper WD and Laurent TC : Physiological functions of connective tissue polysaccharides. Physiol Review 1978, 58: 255–315.
Zimmerman LE and Eastham AB : Acid mucopolysaccharide in the retinal pigment epithelium and visual cell layer of the developing mouse eye. Am J Ophthalmol 1959, 47: 488–98.
Rohlich P : The interphotoreceptor matrix: elec-tronmicroscopic and histochemical observations in the vertebrate retina. Exp Eye Res 1970, 10: 80–96.
Berman ER : Mucopolysaccharides (glycosamino-clycans) of the retina: identification, distribution and possible biological role. Mod Prob Ophthalmol 1969, 8: 5–31.
Feeney L : The interphotoreceptor space: histo-chemistry of the matrix. Develop Biol 1973, 32: 115–28.
Bridges CD and Adler AJ (eds): The interphotoreceptor matrix in health and disease. New York 1985, Alan R. Liss Inc.
Maurice DM : In: The Eye. Davson H (ed). Vol I, New York, 1962, Academic Press Inc, 289–368.
Maurice DM : In: The transparency of the cornea. Duke Elder WS and Perkins ES (eds), Oxford 1960, Blackwell, pp 67–71.
Hedbys BO, Mishima S, Maurice DM : The inhibition pressure of the corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 1963, 2: 99–111.
Hedbys BO and Dohlman CH : A new method for determination of the swelling pressure of the corneal stroma in vitro. Exp Eye Res 1963, 2: 122–9.
Fatt I and Hedbys BO : Flow conductivity of human corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 1970, 10: 237–42.
Barany EH and Scotchbrook S : Influence of testicu-lar hyaluronidase on the resistance to flow through the angle of the anterior chamber. Acta Physiol Scand 1954, 30: 240–8.
Barany EH : The action of different kinds of hyaluronidase on the resistance to flow through the angle of the anterior chamber. Acta Ophthalmol 1956, 34: 397–402.
François J, Rabaey M, Neetens A : Perfusion studies on the outflow of aqueous humor in human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 1956, 55: 193–204.
Pedlar C : The relationship of hyaluronidase to aqueous outflow resistance. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1956, 76: 51–63.
Vrabec F : The amorphous substance in the trabecu-lar network. Br J Ophthalmol 1957, 41: 20–4.
Zimmerman LE : Demonstration of hyaluronidase sensitive acid mucopolysaccharides in trabecula and iris in routine paraffin sections of adult human eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 1957, 44: 1–4.
Segawa K : Ultrastructural changes of the trabecular tissue in primary open angle glaucoma. Japn J Ophthalmol 1975, 19: 317–38.
Grierson I, Lee WR, Abram S : The distribution and significance of hyaluronidase sensitive materials in the trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977, 97: 739–45.
Mizokami K : Demonstration of masked glycosaminoglycans in the uveal human trabecular meshwork. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1977, 21: 57–71.
McMenamin PG : Function and morphological studies of the primate outflow apparatus. Thesis for PhD, University of Glasgow, 1981.
Bill A and, Phillips CI : Uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor in human eyes. Exp Eye Res 1971, 12: 275–81.
Bill A : Some aspects of tissue fluid dynamics in the eye. In: Vision and Circulation. Cant JS (ed), St Louis, 1976, The CV Mosby Co, 333–8.
Moseley H, Foulds WS, Allan D, Kyle PM : Routes of clearance of radioactive water from the rabbit vitreous. Br J Ophthalmol 1984, 68: 145–51.
Cunha-Vaz JC and Maurice DM : The active transport of fluorescein by the retinal vessels and the retina. J Physiol 1967, 191: 467–86.
Palestine AG and Brubacker RF : Pharmakokine-tics of fluorescein in the vitreous. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981, 21: 542–9.
Blair NP, Zeimer RC, Rusin MM, Cunha-Vaz JC : Outward transport of fluorescein from the vitreous in normal human subjects. Acta Ophthalmol 1983, 101: 1117–21.
Ogura Y, Tsukahara Y, Saito I, Kondo T : Estimation of the permeability of the blood retinal barrier in normal individuals. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985, 26: 969–76.
Moseley H : Studies of fluid movement in the eye. PhD Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1980.
Ogston AG and Sherman TF : Effects of hyaluronic acid upon diffusion of solutes and flow of solutes. J Physiol 1961, 156: 67–74.
Foulds WS, Allan D, Moseley H, Kyle PM : Effect of intravitreal hyaluronidase on the clearance of tritiated water from the vitreous to choroid. Br J Ophthalmol 1985, 69: 529–32.
Cantrill HC and Pederson JE : Experimental retinal detachment III vitreous fluorophotometry. Arch Ophthalmol 1982, 100: 1810–13.
Daft BS, Weiskoff J, Nillsson-Ehle I, Wingard LB : Amphotericin clearance in vitrectomised versus non-vitrectomised eyes. Ophthalmology 1985, 92: 1601–5.
Laurent TC, Bjork I ; Pietruszkiewicz A et al.: On the interaction between polysaccharides and other macromolecules II: The transport of globular particles through hyaluronic acid solutions. Biochem Biophys Acta 1963, 78: 351–9.
Folger H, Weiss I, Glaves D, Subjeck JR, Harlos JP : Translational movement of macrophages through media of different viscosities. J Cell Sci 1978, 31: 245–57.
Forrester J and Williamson PC : Inhibition of leukocyte locomotion by hyaluronic acid. J Cell Sci 1981, 48: 315–31.
Foulds WS : Aetiology of retinal detachment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1975, 95: 112–27.
Foulds WS : Factors influencing visual recovery after retinal detachment surgery. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1980, 100: 72–7.
Moseley H : Mathematical analogue of the posterior blood ocular barriers. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977, 97: 565–8.
Fatt I and Shantinath K : Flow conductivity of retina and its role in retinal adhesion. Exp Eye Res 1971, 12: 218–26.
Maurice DM, Salmon J, Zauberman H : Subretinal pressure and retinal adhesion. Exp Eye Res 1971, 12: 212–17.
Bernstein MH and Hollenberg MJ : Movement of electron-opaque markers through the capillaries of the retina. In: Symposium on structure of the eye II, Rohen JW (ed), Stuttgart 1965, Schauthauer 129.
Cohen AI : A possible cytological basis for the ‘R' membrane in the vertebrate eye. Nature (Lond) 1965, 205: 1222–3.
Peyman GA, Spitznas M, Straatsma BR : Chorioretinal diffusion of peroxidase before and after photocoagulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1971, 10: 489–95.
Johnson NF, McNaught EI, Foulds WS : Effect of photocoagulation on the barrier function of the pigment epithelium II. A study by electronmicro-scopy. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977, 97: 640–51.
Asayama K : In vivo study on the absorption of the subretinal fluid. 2. Studies on absorption of tracers injected between the sensory retina and the pigment epithelial layer. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1976, 80: 598–607.
Frambach DA and Marmor MF : The rate and route of fluid resorption from the subretinal space of the rabbit. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 1982, 22: 292–302.
Marmor MF, Porteus M, Negi A, Immel J : Validation of a model of non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Current Eye Res 1984, 3: 515–18.
Negi A and Marmor MF : Effects of subretinal and systemic osmolarity on the rate of subretinal fluid absorption. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984, 25: 616–20.
Marmor MF, Negi A, Maurice DM : Kinetics of macromolecules injected into the subretinal space. Exp Eye Res 1985, 40: 687–96.
Marmor MF : Retinal detachment from hyperosmo-tic intravitreal injection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1979, 18: 1237–44.
Marmor MF, Abdul-Rahim AS, Cohen DS : The effect of metabolic inhibitors on retinal adhesion and subretinal fluid absorption. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980, 19: 893–903.
Lai YL, Wiggert B, Liu YP, Chader GJ : Inter-photoreceptor retinol binding proteins: possible transport vehicles between components of the retina. Nature (Lond) 1982, 298: 848–9.
Adler AJ and Klucznik KM : Proteins and glycopro-teins of the bovine interphotoreceptor matrix— composition and fractionisation. Exp Eye Res 1982, 34: 423–34.
Lion GI, Bridges CDB, Fong SL, Alvarez RA, Gonzales-Fernandez F : Vitamin A transport between retina and pigment epithelium—an intertitial protein carrying endogenous retinol (interstitial retinol binding protein). Vision Res 1982, 22: 1457–67.
Pfeiffer B, Wiggert B, Lee L, Zonenberg B, New-some D, Chader G : The presence of soluble interphotoreceptor retinol binding proteins (IRBP) in the retina interphotoreceptor space. J Cell Physiol 1983, 117: 333–41.
McKechnie NM, Keegan WA, Converse CA, Foulds WS : Glycosaminoglycans: their effect on rod outer segment phagocytosis by bovine retinal pigment epithelium expiants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985, 26: Suppl.
Lasansky A and de Fisch FW : Potential current and ionic fluxes across the isolated retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. J Gen Physiol 1966, 49: 913–24.
Miller SS and Steinberg RH : Active transport of ions across frog retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 1977, 25: 235–48.
Miller SS, Hughes BA, Machen TE : Fluid transport across retinal pigment epithelium is inhibited by cyclic AMP. Proc Nat Acad Sci, USA 1982, 79: 2111–15.
Frambach DA and Misfeldt DS : Furosamide sensitive C1 transport in embryonic chicken retinal pigment epithelium. Am J Physiol 1983, 244: 679–85.
di Mattio J, Degnan KZ, Zadunaisky JA : A model for trans epithelial ion transport across the isolated retinal pigment epithelium of the frog. Exp Eye Res 1983, 37: 409–20.
Hughes BA, Miller SS, Machen TE : The effects of cyclic AMP on fluid absorption and ion transport across frog retinal pigment epithelium. J Gen Physiol 1984, 83: 875–99.
Marmor MF and Maack T : Enhancement of retinal adhesion and subretinal fluid resorption by acetazolamide. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982, 23: 121–4.
Negi A and Marmor MF : Quantitative evaluation of metabolic transport of subretinal fluid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986, 27: 1564–8.
Lucci MS and Warnock DG : Effects of anion transport inhibitors on NaC1 reabsorption from rat superficial proximal convoluted tubule. J Clin Invest 1979, 64: 570–99.
Zauberman H, de Guillebon H, Eng D : Retinal traction in vivo and post mortem. Arch Ophthalmol 1972, 87: 549–54.
Gonin J : Le traitment de decollement retinien. Ann d'Oculist 1921, 158: 175–94.
Foulds WS : Experimental retinal detachment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1963, 83: 153–70.
Foulds WS : Experimental detachment of the retina and its effect on the intraocular fluid dynamics. Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1969, 8: 51–63.
Machemer R and Norton EWD : Experimental detachment and reattachment I: methods, clinical picture and histology. Mod Probl Ophthalmol 1969, 8: 80–90.
Adams ST : Retinal breaks in eye bank eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 1956, 55: 254–60.
Okun E : Gross and microscopic pathology in autopsy eyes III. Retinal breaks without detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 1961, 51: 369–91.
Barishak YR and Stein R : Retinal breaks without retinal detachment in autopsy eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 1972, 50: 147–59.
Foulds WS : The vitreous in retinal detachment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1975, 95: 412–16.
Pederson JE and Cantrill HL : The role of the vitreous in experimental retinal detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980, 19: ARVO supplement 46.
Foulds WS : The pathogenesis of retinal detachment. Thesis for degree of MD. University of Glasgow 1964.
Machemer R : The importance of fluid absorption, traction, intraocular currents and chorioretinal scars in the therapy of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 1984, 98: 681–93.
Pederson JE and Toris CB : Experimental retinal detachment IX. Aqueous vitreous and subretinal protein concentrations. Arch Ophthalmol 1985, 103: 835–6.
Lindner K : Uber die Herstellung von modellen zu Modellversuchen der netzhaut abhebung. Klin Mbl Augenheilk 1933, 90: 289–300.
Buchbaum G, Sternklar M, Litt M, Grunwald J, Riva CE : Dynamics of an oscillating viscoelastic sphere: A model of the vitreous humor of the eye. Biorheology 1984, 21: 285–96.
Foulds WS : Do we need a retinal pigment epithelium (or choroid) for the maintenance of retinal apposition. Br J Ophthalmol 1985, 69: 237–9.
Foulds WS and Ikeda H : The effects of detachment of the retina on the induced and resting ocular potentials in the rabbit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1966, 5: 93–108.
Machemer R : Experimental retinal detachment in the owl monkey IV. Electronmicroscopy of the retina and pigment epithelium. Am J Ophthalmol 1968, 66: 396–410.
Johnson NF and Foulds WS : Observations on the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal macrophages in experimental retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol 1977, 61: 564–72.
Machemer R, van Horn D, Aaberg TM : Pigment epithelial proliferation in human retinal detachments with massive epiretinal proliferation. Am J Ophthalmol 1978, 85: 181–91.
Heath H, Beck T, Foulds WS : Chemical composition of subretinal fluid. Br J Ophthalmol 1962, 46: 385–96.
Weber JC and Wilson FM : Biochemical studies of subretinal fluid II. Total protein and albumen of the subretinal fluid and blood serum in patients with retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol 1963, 69: 363–9.
Chignell AH, Carruthers M, Rahi AHS : Clinical biochemical and immunoelectrophoretic study of subretinal fluid. Br J Ophthalmol 1971, 55: 525–32.
Himi T : Total protein concentration of subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous detachment of the retina. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1975, 79: 1865–78.
Noell WK : Azide sensitive potential differences across the eye bulb. Am J Physiol 1952, 170: 217–38.
Kroll AJ and Machamer R : Experimental retinal detachment in the owl monkey V. Electron-microscopy of the reattached retina. Am J Ophthalmol 1966, 67: 117–30.
Zauberman H and Rosell FG : Treatment of retinal detachment without inducing chorioretinal lesions. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryng 1975, 79: 835–44.
Chignell AH : Retinal detachment surgery without cryotherapy. Trans Ophthal Soc UK 1977, 97: 30–2.
De Juan E, McCuen B, Tiedman J : Intraocular tamponade and surface tension. Surv Ophthalmol 1985, 30: 47–51.
Ohm J : Uber die behandlung der netzhautablosung durch operativ entleemung der subretinal flusigheit und einspritzung von luft in den glaskorper. Graefe's Arch Clin Ophthalmol 1911, 79: 442–50.
Norton EWD : Intraocular gas in the management of selected retinal detachments. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryng 1973, 77: 85–98.
Cibis P, Becker B, Okun E, Canaan S : The use of liquid silicone in retinal detachment surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 1962, 68: 590–9.
Scott JD : A rationale for the use of silicone. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1977, 97: 235–7.
Scott JD : Use of silicone oil in vitrectomised eyes. Dev Ophthalmol 1981, 2: 185–90.
Scott JD : The use of viscoelastic materials in the posterior segment. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1983, 103: 280–3.
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: The silicone study group. Editorial. Am J Ophthalmol 1985, 99: 593–5.
Lincoff H, Coleman J, Kreissig I, Richard G, Chang S, Wilcox L : The perfluorocarbon gases in the treatment of retinal detachment. Ophthalmology 1983, 90: 546–51.
Taylor S and Folkman J : Proteinamin as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Nature 1982, 297: 307–12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Based on the 2nd Duke-Elder Foundation Lecture delivered in the University of London, January 1986 and containing material included in the Estelle Doheny Lecture delivered in the Estelle Doheny Foundation, Los Angeles, December 1985.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foulds, W. Is your vitreous really necessary?. Eye 1, 641–664 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1987.107
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1987.107
This article is cited by
-
Relationship of choroidal thickness and axial length with posterior vitreous detachment in patients with high myopia
Scientific Reports (2022)
-
A mechanical model of posterior vitreous detachment and generation of vitreoretinal tractions
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology (2020)
-
Glycosaminoglycans from bovine eye vitreous humour and interaction with collagen type II
Glycoconjugate Journal (2018)
-
Pharmacologic vitreolysis with microplasmin increases vitreous diffusion coefficients
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology (2007)
-
Imaging vitreous
Eye (2002)