Abstract
Wide-bandgap dielectrics such as glasses or water are transparent at visible and infrared wavelengths. This changes when they are exposed to ultrashort and highly intense laser pulses. Different interaction mechanisms lead to the appearance of various transient nonlinear optical phenomena. Using these, the optical properties of dielectrics can be controlled from the transparent to the metal-like state. Here we expand this range by a yet unexplored mechanism in excited dielectrics: amplification. In a two-colour pump–probe experiment, we show that a 400 nm femtosecond laser pulse is coherently amplified inside an excited sapphire sample on a scale of a few micrometres. Simulations strongly support the proposed two-photon stimulated emission process, which is temporally and spatially controllable. Consequently, we expect applications in all fields that demand strongly localized amplification.
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Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the Otto-Braun-Funds, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences. We highly acknowledge fruitful discussions with B. Rethfeld and her important input regarding our model.
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The experiments were conceived and build by T.W., L.H.L., C.S. and B.Z. T.W. and L.H.L. carried out the experiments. T.W. and L.H.L. processed the data. L.H.L. and T.W. performed the simulations. Data were interpreted and discussed by all authors.
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Winkler, T., Haahr-Lillevang, L., Sarpe, C. et al. Laser amplification in excited dielectrics. Nature Phys 14, 74–79 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4265
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4265
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