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From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey

International Journal of Obesity Supplements volume 10, pages 35–49 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The co-existence of humans and gut microbiota started millions of years ago. Until now, a balance gradually developed between gut bacteria and their hosts. It is now recognized that gut microbiota are key to form adequate immune and metabolic functions and, more in general, for the maintenance of good health. Gut microbiota are established before birth under the influence of maternal nutrition and metabolic status, which can impact the future metabolic risk of the offspring in terms of obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic disorders during the lifespan. Obesity and diabetes are prone to disrupt the gut microbiota and alter the gut barrier permeability, leading to metabolic endotoxaemia with its detrimental consequences on health. Specific bacterial sequences are now viewed as peculiar signatures of the metabolic syndrome across life stages in each individual, and are linked to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) via metabolic products (metabolites) and immune modulation. These mechanisms have been linked, in association with abnormalities in microbial richness and diversity, to an increased risk of developing arterial hypertension, systemic inflammation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Emerging strategies for the manipulation of intestinal microbiota represent a promising therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVD especially in individuals prone to CV events.

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Fig. 1: Interplay between metabolic dysfunction, microbiota and cardiometabolic problems.

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Acknowledgements

Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) group members served as collaborators and approved the final version of the manuscript: Colao Annamaria, Savastano Silvia, Barrea Luigi, Muscogiuri Giovanna, Alviggi Carlo, Angrisani Luigi, Annunziata Giuseppe, Beguinot Francesco, Belfiore Annamaria, Belfiore Antonino, Bellastella Giuseppe, Biondi Bernadette, Bonaduce Domenico, Bordoni Laura, Brasacchio Caterina, Capaldo Brunella, Caprio Massimiliano, Cataldi Mauro, Cignarelli Angelo, Cittadini Antonello, Conforti Alessandro, Cuomo Rosario, De Placido Giuseppe, De Siena Marina, Di Carlo Costantino, Di Luigi Luigi, Di Nisio Andrea, Di Renzo Laura, Di Somma Carolina, Docimo Ludovico, Donini Lorenzo Maria, Federici Massimo, Foresta Carlo, Gabbianelli Rosita, Gambineri Alessandra, Gastaldelli Amalia, Giallauria Francesco, Giardiello Cristiano, Gnessi Lucio, Guida Brunella, Laudisio Daniela, Lenzi Andrea, Macchia Paolo Emidio, Manno Emilio, Marzullo Paolo, Migliaccio Silvia, Muratori Fabrizio, Musella Mario, Nardone Gerardo, Nicasto Vincenzo, Piazza Luigi, Pilone Vincenzo, Pivari Francesca, Pivonello Rosario, Pugliese Gabriella, Riccardi Gabriele, Ritieni Alberto, Salzano Ciro, Sanduzzi Alessandro, Sbraccia Paolo, Sesti Giorgio, Soldati Laura, Taglialatela Maurizio, Trimarco Bruno, Tuccinardi Dario.

Funding

The 2019 OPERA meeting was organized by Panta Rei Srl and sponsored by Novo Nordisk, Therascience, Bruno Pharma, Merck, Savio Pharma Italia Srl, IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, Bioitalia Srl, Cohesion Pharmaceutical, and Specchiasol Srl. Publication of this article as part of a supplement was sponsored by Panta Rei Srl, Naples, Italy. The meeting sponsors and organizer did not have access to the manuscripts and the authors maintained control of the content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy

    Paolo Marzullo

  2. Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28923, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy

    Paolo Marzullo

  3. Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00136, Rome, Italy

    Laura Di Renzo

  4. Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Gabriella Pugliese, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Annamaria Colao & Silvia Savastano

  5. Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy

    Martina De Siena

  6. Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy

    Martina De Siena

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  1. Paolo Marzullo
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PM and LDR equally contributed to the work. The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: PM, LDR, GP, MDS, LB, GM, and SS were responsible for the concept of this paper and drafted the manuscript; GM, AC, and SS provided a critical review of the paper. OPERA Group members participated to the revision of the manuscript. All authors and OPERA Group Members contributed to and agreed on the final version of the manuscript.

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Marzullo, P., Di Renzo, L., Pugliese, G. et al. From obesity through gut microbiota to cardiovascular diseases: a dangerous journey. Int J Obes Supp 10, 35–49 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41367-020-0017-1

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