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Sleep disturbances: one of the culprits of obesity-related cardiovascular risk?

International Journal of Obesity Supplements volume 10, pages 62–72 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Growing evidence suggested that Sleep Disorders (SD) could increase the risk of developing obesity and could contribute to worsen obesity-related cardiovascular risk. Further, obesity per se has been reported to blunt sleep homeostasis. This happens through several mechanisms. First of all, the excessive adipose tissue at neck and chest levels could represent a mechanical obstacle to breathe. Moreover, the visceral adipose tissue is known to release cytokines contributing to low-grade chronic inflammation that could impair the circadian rhythm. Also, nutrition plays an important role in sleep homeostasis. High fat and/or high carbohydrate diets are known to have a negative impact on both sleep quality and duration. In addition, obesity predisposes to a condition called “obstructive sleep apnea” that has a detrimental effect on sleep. SD could increase the risk and/or could contribute to worsen cardiovascular risk usually associated with obesity. The chronic low grade inflammation associated with obesity has been reported to increase the risk of developing hypertension, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. In turn, improving quality of sleep has been reported to improve the management of these cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, the aim of this manuscript is to provide evidence on the association of obesity and SD and on how they could contribute to the risk of developing cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes in obesity.

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Fig. 1: Mechanisms of the association between sleep disorders (SD) and obesity.

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Acknowledgements

Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) group members served as collaborators and approved the final version of the manuscript: Colao Annamaria, Savastano Silvia, Barrea Luigi, Muscogiuri Giovanna, Alviggi Carlo, Angrisani Luigi, Annunziata Giuseppe, Beguinot Francesco, Belfiore Annamaria, Belfiore Antonino, Bellastella Giuseppe, Biondi Bernadette, Bonaduce Domenico, Bordoni Laura, Brasacchio Caterina, Capaldo Brunella, Caprio Massimiliano, Cataldi Mauro, Cignarelli Angelo, Cittadini Antonello, Conforti Alessandro, Cuomo Rosario, De Placido Giuseppe, De Siena Marina, Di Carlo Costantino, Di Luigi Luigi, Di Nisio Andrea, Di Renzo Laura, Di Somma Carolina, Docimo Ludovico, Donini Lorenzo Maria, Federici Massimo, Foresta Carlo, Gabbianelli Rosita, Gambineri Alessandra, Gastaldelli Amalia, Giallauria Francesco, Giardiello Cristiano, Gnessi Lucio, Guida Brunella, Laudisio Daniela, Lenzi Andrea, Macchia Paolo Emidio, Manno Emilio, Marzullo Paolo, Migliaccio Silvia, Muratori Fabrizio, Musella Mario, Nardone Gerardo, Nicasto Vincenzo, Piazza Luigi, Pilone Vincenzo, Pivari Francesca, Pivonello Rosario, Pugliese Gabriella, Riccardi Gabriele, Ritieni Alberto, Salzano Ciro, Sanduzzi Alessandro, Sbraccia Paolo, Sesti Giorgio, Soldati Laura, Taglialatela Maurizio, Trimarco Bruno, Tuccinardi Dario.

Funding

The 2019 OPERA meeting was organized by Panta Rei Srl and sponsored by Novo Nordisk, Therascience, Bruno Pharma, Merck, Savio Pharma Italia Srl, IBSA Institut Biochimique SA, Bioitalia Srl, Cohesion Pharmaceutical, and Specchiasol Srl. Publication of this article as part of a supplement was sponsored by Panta Rei Srl, Naples, Italy. The meeting sponsors and organizer did not have access to the manuscripts and the authors maintained control of the content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea, Annamaria Colao & Silvia Savastano

  2. Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Dario Tuccinardi

  3. Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy

    Vincenzo Nicastro

Authors
  1. Giovanna Muscogiuri
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  2. Dario Tuccinardi
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  3. Vincenzo Nicastro
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  4. Luigi Barrea
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  5. Annamaria Colao
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  6. Silvia Savastano
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on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) group

Contributions

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows: GM, DT, VN, LB and SS: were responsible for the concept of this paper and drafted the manuscript; GM, AC and SS: provided a critical review of the paper. OPERA Group members participated to the revision of the manuscript. All authors and OPERA Group Members contributed to and agreed on the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giovanna Muscogiuri.

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Muscogiuri, G., Tuccinardi, D., Nicastro, V. et al. Sleep disturbances: one of the culprits of obesity-related cardiovascular risk?. Int J Obes Supp 10, 62–72 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41367-020-0019-z

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