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Divergent risk factors for cerebellar and intraventricular hemorrhage

Journal of Perinatology volume 38, pages 278–284 (2018)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objective

To identify whether intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) have common or divergent risk factors.

Study design

This is a retrospective cross-sectional cohort of infants including all infants born <30 weeks from 2007 to 2016. Comprehensive perinatal and clinical factors were extracted from the medical record. Outborn infants, infants with major congenital anomaly, those transferred prior to discharge, and those with mixed or no brain injury were excluded. The remaining infants were divided into two groups: IVH only and CH only. Continuous variables were evaluated with the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and categorical variables were evaluated with Fisher’s exact test. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors which predispose infants towards injury type more than another, holding other factors constant.

Results

In total, 127 infants were included (CH n = 27, IVH n = 100). Compared to those with IVH, infants with CH were of lower EGA (p = 0.03), lower birth weight (p = 0.01), more often of multiple gestation (p = 0.03), more frequently born emergently (p = 0.03), had a greater number of ventilator days (p = 0.03), received postnatal steroids more often (p = 0.02), had a greater incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and less frequently had pulmonary hemorrhage (p = 0.04). In multinomial regression analysis, three factors were identified which favored CH over IVH: multiple gestation (RR 4.70, 95% CI 1.56–14.21, p < 0.01), chorioamnionitis (RR 3.18, 95% CI 1.13–8.92, p = 0.03), and emergent delivery (RR 4.14, 95% CI 1.48–11.55, p < 0.01). Only advancing gestational favored IVH over CH (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.85, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

IVH and CH have unique risk factors. These results highlight the need to tailor neuroimaging surveillance to specific patient risk factors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Amy Distler, RN in the identification of infants with cerebellar hemorrhage.

Funding

Funding

This work was supported by the following grants: 1. Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences KL2 Training Program (NIH/NCATS KL2 TR000450). 2. The Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation and the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences Clinical and Translational Funding Program (NIH/NCATS UL1 TR000448). 3. Washington University in St. Louis Center for Biomedical Informatics, Clinical Investigation Data Exploration Repository (NIH/NCATS UL1 TR000448).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Zachary A. Vesoulis, Maja Herco & Amit M. Mathur

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  1. Zachary A. Vesoulis
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Correspondence to Zachary A. Vesoulis.

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Vesoulis, Z.A., Herco, M. & Mathur, A.M. Divergent risk factors for cerebellar and intraventricular hemorrhage. J Perinatol 38, 278–284 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-017-0010-x

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