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Effect of naturally occurring proteins on graft copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane on natural rubber

Polymer Journal volume 54, pages 633–641 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

This work presents insights into how naturally occurring proteins affect the graft copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) on natural rubber (NR) latex. Four NR latexes with different protein contents were subjected to graft copolymerization catalyzed by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)/tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) initiators. The four NR latexes were freshly tapped natural rubber (fresh NR), high-ammonia natural rubber, deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), and protein-free natural rubber (PFNR). During the graft copolymerization on the studied latexes, VTES conversion depended on the protein content of the NR latexes. The formation and morphology of silica were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Among the products, fresh NR-graft-poly(VTES) exhibited the highest tensile strength and highest protein content. Proteins were confirmed to function as catalysts for the hydrolysis and condensation of VTES when graft copolymerization was performed on fresh NR (ammonia-free), fresh NR containing ammonia, and DPNR without TBHP/TEPA initiators.

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Acknowledgements

This research is funded by Hanoi University of Science and Technology under grant number T2021-PC-045.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nghiem Thuong Thi

  2. School of Textile - Leather and Fashion, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thang Ngoc

  3. Engineering and Technology Division, Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nurul Hayati Yusof

  4. Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan

    Seiichi Kawahara

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  1. Nghiem Thuong Thi
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  2. Nguyen Thang Ngoc
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Correspondence to Nghiem Thuong Thi or Seiichi Kawahara.

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Thi Nghiem, T., Nguyen, T.N., Yusof, N.H. et al. Effect of naturally occurring proteins on graft copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane on natural rubber. Polym J 54, 633–641 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-022-00616-0

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