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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure over time: linear mixed-effects model analyses

Hypertension Research volume 46, pages 1110–1121 (2023)Cite this article

A Comment to this article was published on 03 March 2023

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a new feature of fatty liver (FL) disease that is defined as FL with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic dysregulation, has been reported to be associated with the development of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. However, the association between MAFLD and hypertension remains unclear. We investigated the association between MAFLD and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over a 10-year period in 28,990 Japanese subjects who received annual health examinations. After exclusion of subjects without data for SBP and abdominal ultrasonography at baseline, a total of 17,021 subjects (men/women: 10,973/6048; mean age: 49 years) were recruited. Linear mixed-effects model analyses using diagnoses of FL, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or MAFLD and age, sex, SBP, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, levels of uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate, family history of hypertension and habits of current smoking and alcohol drinking at baseline as well as the duration of the observation period and the interaction between each covariate and the duration of the observation period showed that the significant association of change in SBP over time with diagnosis of MAFLD (estimate: 0.223 mmHg/year, P < 0.001) was greater than that with diagnoses of FL (estimate: 0.196 mmHg/year, P < 0.001) and NAFLD (estimate: 0.203 mmHg/year, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the rate of increase in SBP over time was higher in subjects with MAFLD than in subjects without FL and subjects with FL who had no MAFLD. In conclusion, MAFLD is significantly associated with an increase in SBP over time.

The presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is significantly associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure over time.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Keita Numata and Takashi Hisasue for data management.

Funding

MT and MF were supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (19K08708, 20K08913, 22K08313).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Kazuma Mori, Marenao Tanaka

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Kazuma Mori, Marenao Tanaka, Keisuke Endo, Hirofumi Ohnishi & Masato Furuhashi

  2. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan

    Kazuma Mori

  3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Itaru Hosaka & Takuma Mikami

  4. Department of Health Checkup and Promotion, Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan

    Nagisa Hanawa

  5. Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

    Hirofumi Ohnishi

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Mori, K., Tanaka, M., Hosaka, I. et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure over time: linear mixed-effects model analyses. Hypertens Res 46, 1110–1121 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01179-0

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