Correction to: npj Materials Degradation https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-024-00447-9, published online 19 March 2024

“In this article the affiliation 1 detail was incorrectly given as ‘School of Materials and Metallurgy of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.’ but should have been ‘School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning China’. The original article has been corrected.”