A satiety circuit involving agouti-related peptide (AGRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) expressing the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and single minded 1 (SIM1) helps to control food intake in response to caloric deficiency. Using genetically enabled circuit mapping and real-time chemogenetic techniques, the authors found a class of anatomically and functionally distinct SIM1+ PVH neurons that express dynorphin and regulate satiety in an additive manner with MC4R+ PVH neurons.