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The caldera of Campi Flegrei volcano shows space-dependent rheological behaviour due to the interplay between overpressure sources and geological structures, according to 3D tomography of b-values and correlation with subsurface structures.
Short-term strong wind events play a crucial role in the evolution and movement of barchan dunes, according to analyses of high-frequency wind sampling data and high-resolution topographic information
Wildfire smoke reduced shortwave radiation fluxes and rates of primary production and ecosystem respiration in lakes, though responses varied among lake types, according to metabolic rates in lakes estimated from hourly dissolved oxygen data.
In Southern California, shoreline retreat of sandy beaches will more than double over the next several decades compared to the present rate; the volume of sand and the cost of beach nourishment is also expected to increase in the region, according to an analysis using digital shoreline analysis methods.
Oxygen isotopes tree rings from polylepis tarapacana trees across the South American Altiplano provide a terrestrial precipitation record that is sensitive to decadal hydroclimate teleconnections and correlates well with other proxy records.
When exposed to different alkalinity and pH combinations, calcification and shell formation in the adult marine mussel Mytilus californianus responds most strongly to bicarbonate ion concentration and pH, according to a series of incubation experiments.
Three previously undocumented tsunamis on the East coast of Korea are revealed by biological signatures in bacterial taxa that are associated with submarine volcanism, suggesting these biomarkers can be used as a proxy to understand past tsunamis caused by volcanic activity.
Frequent and intense flash droughts affect most parts of South Asia between spring and summer as a result of large-scale atmospheric dynamics that block moisture transport and could intensify and spread to new regions with further warming, according to an attribution analysis over 1979–2021.
Prasinophyte green algae are important to phytoplankton community structure, biomass, and likely export flux in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, suggests monthly sampling of the complete photic zone monthly over four years with identification of prasinophytes to the sub-species level.
The response of ozone in the secondary ozone layer to energetic particle precipitation events leads to significant changes in ozone concentration globally due to induced residual circulation changes, suggest satellite-based observations and numerical modelling.
Deep carbon mobilization and emission in the central part of the India-Asia collision zone is spatially variable and controlled by the underthrusting of India beneath Asia, according to calculations for CO2 origins and fluxes in regional extensional terranes.
Recent discoloration of 75 streams in Arctic Alaska reflects increased iron and trace metal loading following climate-driven permafrost thaw and enhanced sulfide mineral weathering and may impact water quality and biodiversity, suggests satellite remote sensing and biogeochemical analyses.
Monetary damages from exposure to particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions peak later on countries’ development path than total emissions and concentration and may, therefore, make better sustainability metrics according to an analysis of air quality and economic data of 165 countries.
Strengthening of ocean stratification can largely explain open-ocean trends in measurements of the barotropic M2 tide and has substantial near-shore impacts, according to an analysis of satellite altimetry and a three-dimensional global ocean model over 1993 – 2020.
Intensified surface winds over the Arctic are driven by increasing downward momentum transfer in winter and by decreasing surface roughness due to sea-ice decline in summer, suggest analyses of climate model simulations and reanalysis data.
In Ethiopia, intensified crop cultivation may lead to a decline of woody vegetation, a resource of fuel, fodder, and construction material to local communities, and increase pressure on remaining forests, according to an analysis of satellite imagery and participatory scenarios
The pyramids of the Western desert in Egypt were built alongside a now extinct branch of the Nile River named as the Ahramat Branch and identified using a combination of radar satellite imagery, geophysical data and deep soil coring.
Future deployment of bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage could result in less global biodiversity loss than that of afforestation, as fewer areas will be affected by land use changes, according to an analysis of integrated model projections for four future scenarios.
Ground shaking resulting from earthquakes of Mw 6 or greater in the Los Angeles basin can be estimated in real-time using a machine learning approach trained on synthetic data from physics-based simulations.
A causal link exists between the North-Pacific index, which measures sea-level pressure in the Northern Pacific Ocean, and the frequency of rain-on-snow events in North America, according to convergent cross mapping.