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Hydropower dams offer a pathway for low-carbon energy supply in Africa, yet unchecked dam expansion can harm the environment. A study shows how the integration of different dam environmental concerns into energy system planning can lead to sustainable hydropower development.

Meeting future energy demands in Africa will require expanded hydropower capacity, but the dams’ impacts on rivers, their emissions and alternative energy options call for careful planning. This study performs multi-objective energy system modelling for more sustainable dam expansion from the present to 2050.

Effective water management requires reliable data on streamflow, but that hinges on the coverage provided by stream gauges. This study shows how current gauge networks fail to provide adequate coverage and explores how modified networks could support dam operation, biodiversity conservation and climate monitoring.

The booming production of silicon solar panels, a core technology in the energy transition, calls for proper end-of-life management. Here the authors propose a salt-etching approach that enables efficient recycling of critical materials from end-of-life silicon solar panels, without the use of toxic reagents.

Rapid urbanization affects both local food and ecological systems in Africa. This study integrates the effects of land-use displacement and dietary shifts associated with urbanization in scenarios of future food demand to understand the impact of future urbanization on the African environment.

Paired electrosynthesis is an efficient green process that minimizes resource and energy consumption as well as waste generation. The authors demonstrate an electrolysis system that pairs CO₂ reduction to CO at the cathode with allyl alcohol oxidation to acrolein at the anode.

Ion exchange membranes play an essential role in a range of technologies critical to sustainability. Here the authors show a membrane design that features a favourable combination of good stability, high ionic conductivity and processability with demonstrated application in flow batteries.

Nanofiltration membranes play a crucial role in water purification, but it remains challenging to combine high water permeance and solute removal selectivity due to their inherent pore heterogeneity. Here the authors introduce a cinnamate-mediated polymerization method to resolve such a challenge, enabling energetically efficient water purification.

Indigenous peoples’ lands (IPLs) are important reservoirs of biodiversity; however, the extent to which these lands are affected by the growing number of biological invasions worldwide is still unknown. This study evaluates whether IPLs harbour fewer alien species compared with other lands globally.

Cities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, but the potential of urban rivers to such emissions is not well understood. A study now quantifies the greenhouse gas concentrations, fluxes and emissions from urban rivers globally.

Transitioning to a more sustainable economic system hinges on creating jobs in support of greener activities, with challenges for incumbent workers. A suite of articles highlights the need for more sustainable jobs and how to overcome the associated research gaps and political obstacles.

Although research has consistently shown that managing natural resources more sustainably is both feasible and beneficial for jobs and livelihoods, the perception that the green transition leads to job losses prevails. We recommend strategies for wider and better communicating evidence, to decision-makers across the board, about what is needed to reap job benefits from a green transition.

Scaling up adoption of green technologies in energy, mobility, construction, manufacturing and agriculture is imperative to set countries on a sustainable development path, but that hinges on having the right workforce, argues Jonatan Pinkse.

Apprehensions about job losses in incumbent industries can hold up sustainability transformations unless policymakers bolster efforts towards job reskilling programmes, argues Marko Hekkert.

Industrial firms will need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions dramatically for the world to reach its climate change mitigation goals. Now, analysis shows that the economic and employment impacts of these reductions can vary widely, depending on which firms are targeted.

This study presents a film design that can maximize radiative cooling, transmit photosynthetically efficient light and reflect remaining sunlight in favour of photosynthsis and plant growth.

Agroforestry practices represent important natural climate solutions, in addition to providing a variety of socioecological benefits. This study evaluates spatiotemporal agroforestry patterns in India by tracking the fate of large farmland trees over the past decade.

Buildings account for a large proportion of the global energy consumption. Here the electrochromic smart window realizes year-round energy savings by managing visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared light.

Battery recycling is essential to the sustainability of electric vehicles. Here the authors show processes that could regenerate spent cathode materials for a second life in lithium-ion and post-lithium-ion batteries.