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The vast stores of high-latitude peatland carbon are thought to be resistant to microbial degradation, but a multi-omics investigation suggests this might not be the case.
Diverse microbial polyphenol transformations in thawing permafrost refute the theory that these compounds stabilize soil carbon across Arctic landscapes.
Hypoxia induces d-serine production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which inhibits mTORC1 and T-bet expression to restrict downstream CD8+ T cell immune responses and macrophage activation, and inhibit control of tuberculosis in mice.
Characterizing EBV and host gene expression profiles of spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines isolated from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with acute or stable disease, as well as healthy donors, suggests antivirals as a potential road to treat MS.
Phylogenetic and functional analyses suggest that viral histones were acquired from early eukaryotes during eukaryogenesis and that nucleosome evolution proceeded through histone repeat intermediates.
Teresa O’Meara recounts her experience of approaching the emerging fungal pathogen, Candida auris, with an open mind, enabling her laboratory to uncover its unique biology.
Our study investigated microbial dynamics involved in the relative enrichment of oral bacteria in faeces. Results in mice and from human patients indicated that high percentages of oral bacteria reflect a depleted gut microbiota, with oral bacteria simply passing through rather than expanding in the gut, which has implications for gastrointestinal disease treatment.
Interactions between Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and host cells promote recruitment and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, leading to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and exacerbated colorectal cancer in mice.
Propionate supplementation alleviates methylmalonyl-CoA deficiency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to maintain PDIM virulence lipid production and select against the emergence of less virulent PDIM-negative mutants that affect experimental reliability and BCG vaccine efficacy.
This Perspective discusses the basic biology, evolution and transmission of poxviruses, in particular monkeypox virus, and how this can help predict and manage potential future outbreaks.
Studying the host response to infection advances our biological and evolutionary understanding, while broadening our capacity to prevent and mitigate infectious diseases.