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Our study investigated microbial dynamics involved in the relative enrichment of oral bacteria in faeces. Results in mice and from human patients indicated that high percentages of oral bacteria reflect a depleted gut microbiota, with oral bacteria simply passing through rather than expanding in the gut, which has implications for gastrointestinal disease treatment.
Interactions between Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and host cells promote recruitment and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, leading to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and exacerbated colorectal cancer in mice.
Propionate supplementation alleviates methylmalonyl-CoA deficiency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to maintain PDIM virulence lipid production and select against the emergence of less virulent PDIM-negative mutants that affect experimental reliability and BCG vaccine efficacy.
This Perspective discusses the basic biology, evolution and transmission of poxviruses, in particular monkeypox virus, and how this can help predict and manage potential future outbreaks.
Studying the host response to infection advances our biological and evolutionary understanding, while broadening our capacity to prevent and mitigate infectious diseases.
Increased relative abundance of oral bacteria in faecal samples can be explained by the marker hypothesis—their relative increase reflects the depletion of other microbiota members—which has implications for patient outcomes and microbiota-directed therapies.
Exoglycosidases isolated from the mucolytic gut bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila bring enzymatic conversion of A and B blood group erythrocytes to blood group O a step closer.
Discovery, biochemical and structural characterization of exoglycosidases from Akkermansia muciniphila reveals combinations that efficiently target extended A and B blood group antigens to produce ABO-universal blood for transfusions.
Analyses refuting the dogma that a quarter of the world’s population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasize the need for a redirection of research priorities.
Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in previously exposed South African cohorts reveals that profile features associated with progression to active tuberculosis are affected by age and sex.
SARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with ‘brain fog’ and persistent neurologic disease, especially in the elderly, with the possibility of direct viral particle interference with normal synaptic transmission.