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The use of phylogenetics in cancer genomics is increasing owing to a growing appreciation of the importance of evolutionary theory to cancer progression. The authors provide guidance on the design and analysis of tumour phylogeny studies by surveying the range of phylogenetic methods and tools available to the cancer researcher and discussing their key applications and the unsolved problems in the field.
Lineage analyses of multicellular organisms provide key insights into developmental mechanisms and how these developmental trajectories go awry in diverse diseases. This Review discusses the features, technical challenges and latest opportunities of an evolving range of sophisticated genetic techniques for tracking cell lineages in organisms. These strategies include methods for prospective tracking using engineered genetic constructs, as well as retrospective tracking based on naturally occurring somatic mutations.
Here, the authors review the complex gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie limb development and that determine forelimb versus hindlimb identity. They explain how the modification of these regulatory elements leads to morphological evolution, acquired regeneration capacity or limb malformations in diverse species, including humans.
The advent of genomic technologies is changing health care systems, with genomic data increasingly being applied to guide individual patient care. In this Essay, Rehm discusses how genomics is becoming an essential part of clinical care and the existing challenges that must be surmounted to take full advantage of personal genomic information.
