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Article
| Open Access
Lung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes
Hyperglycaemia leads to impaired costimulatory molecule expression, antigen transport and T cell priming in distinct lung dendritic cell subsets, driving a defective antiviral adaptive immune response, delayed viral clearance and enhanced mortality.
- Samuel Philip Nobs
- , Aleksandra A. Kolodziejczyk
- & Eran Elinav
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Article
| Open Access
PLSCR1 is a cell-autonomous defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a protein induced by IFNγ, acts as a defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by inhibiting the fusion of the virus with host-cell membranes.
- Dijin Xu
- , Weiqian Jiang
- & John D. MacMicking
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Article
| Open Access
Microbial peptides activate tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from glioblastoma can recognize bacterial and gut microbial peptides.
- Reza Naghavian
- , Wolfgang Faigle
- & Roland Martin
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Article |
Bacteria hijack a meningeal neuroimmune axis to facilitate brain invasion
Two Streptococcus spp. can utilize a neuropeptide (CGRP) and its receptor (RAMP1) on macrophages to promote brain invasion, a finding that may help the development of therapies for bacterial meningitis.
- Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- , Liwen Deng
- & Isaac M. Chiu
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Article |
FcγR-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes activates inflammation
Antibody-mediated SARS-CoV-2 uptake by monocytes and macrophages triggers inflammatory cell death that aborts the production of infectious virus but causes systemic inflammation that contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
- Caroline Junqueira
- , Ângela Crespo
- & Judy Lieberman
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Article
| Open Access
Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization
Plasma from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 exhibits 22-fold less neutralization capacity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) than against an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain but residual neutralization is maintained in those with high levels of neutralization of ancestral virus.
- Sandile Cele
- , Laurelle Jackson
- & Alex Sigal
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Article |
Parallelism of intestinal secretory IgA shapes functional microbial fitness
The functional role of intestinal secretory IgA for host–microbiota interactions is investigated, showing that intestinal bacterial exposure leads to selection of diverse plasma cells that secrete antigen-specific IgA, which predominantly targets bacterial membranes.
- Tim Rollenske
- , Sophie Burkhalter
- & Andrew J. Macpherson
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Article |
Gut cytokines modulate olfaction through metabolic reprogramming of glia
Glial metabolic reprogramming by gut-derived cytokines in Drosophila results in lasting changes in the sensory system of an ageing organism
- Xiaoyu Tracy Cai
- , Hongjie Li
- & Heinrich Jasper
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Article
| Open Access
Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.
- Zijun Wang
- , Frauke Muecksch
- & Michel C. Nussenzweig
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Article
| Open Access
Nanobodies from camelid mice and llamas neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants
Multivalent nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 from mice engineered to produce camelid nanobodies recognize conserved epitopes that are inaccessible to human antibodies and show promise as a strategy for dealing with viral escape mutations.
- Jianliang Xu
- , Kai Xu
- & Rafael Casellas
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Article |
mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants
The Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Pfizer–BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines elicit anti-RBD antibodies similar to those elicited through natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, but their potent neutralizing activity was reduced or abolished by new viral variants of concern.
- Zijun Wang
- , Fabian Schmidt
- & Michel C. Nussenzweig
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Perspective |
Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir
Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses.
- Aaron T. Irving
- , Matae Ahn
- & Lin-Fa Wang
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Article |
Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2
In a cohort of 87 individuals with COVID-19, the memory B cell response at 6.2 months after the onset of disease evolves in a manner that is consistent with the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.
- Christian Gaebler
- , Zijun Wang
- & Michel C. Nussenzweig
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Article |
RETRACTED ARTICLE: IspH inhibitors kill Gram-negative bacteria and mobilize immune clearance
A class of compounds with a dual mechanism of action—direct targeting of IspH and stimulation of cytotoxic γδ T cells to enhance pathogen clearance—are active against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
- Kumar Sachin Singh
- , Rishabh Sharma
- & Farokh Dotiwala
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Article |
Tunable dynamics of B cell selection in gut germinal centres
Antibody selection and maturation within B cells found in gut-associated germinal centres is stimulated by the gut microbiota, to a degree that depends on the presence and composition of the microbes.
- Carla R. Nowosad
- , Luka Mesin
- & Gabriel D. Victora
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Article |
Extracellular proteostasis prevents aggregation during pathogenic attack
A systematic analysis of the proteostasis network of secreted proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans identifies numerous regulators of protein homeostasis outside the cell, and highlights the contribution of extracellular proteostasis to host defence.
- Ivan Gallotta
- , Aneet Sandhu
- & Della C. David
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Article |
Decoy exosomes provide protection against bacterial toxins
In response to infection with Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo, host cells increase their secretion of exosomes containing ADAM10—vesicular structures that can provide protection by sequestering bacterial toxins.
- Matthew D. Keller
- , Krystal L. Ching
- & Ken Cadwell
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Letter |
Moving beyond microbiome-wide associations to causal microbe identification
Triangulation of microbe–phenotype relationships is an effective method for reducing the noise inherent in microbiota studies and enabling identification of causal microbes of disease, which may be applicable to human microbiome studies.
- Neeraj K. Surana
- & Dennis L. Kasper
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Letter |
Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities
Up to 10% of individuals in malaria-endemic regions produce antibodies that react to malaria antigens through an additional LAIR1 domain that is inserted by two different insertion modalities.
- Kathrin Pieper
- , Joshua Tan
- & Antonio Lanzavecchia
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Letter |
Access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires CD4 T-cell help
Interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ helper T cells are required for antibody access to neuronal tissues in response to neurotropic virus infections.
- Norifumi Iijima
- & Akiko Iwasaki
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Article |
Candidalysin is a fungal peptide toxin critical for mucosal infection
This study identifies a cytolytic peptide toxin in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans—the peptide is both a crucial virulence factor that permeabilizes the host cell plasma membrane and a key signal that triggers a host danger response pathway.
- David L. Moyes
- , Duncan Wilson
- & Julian R. Naglik
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Letter |
Mitochondrial UPR-regulated innate immunity provides resistance to pathogen infection
A link between an intracellular stress response, bacterial infection and triggering of the innate immune response is shown in Caenorhabditis elegans; exposure to the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused activation of the transcription factor ATFS-1 and innate immunity that is regulated by the mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
- Mark W. Pellegrino
- , Amrita M. Nargund
- & Cole M. Haynes
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Letter |
Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling
The endo-lysosomal transporters SLC15A3 and SLC15A4 provide a portal of entry for extracellular bacterial products that activate the cytoplasmic sensor NOD2; these results establish the importance of endosomes as signalling platforms specialized for triggering innate immune responses.
- Norihiro Nakamura
- , Jennie R. Lill
- & Ira Mellman
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Letter |
Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids
The bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis in mammals and zebrafish are shown to preferentially recruit and infect permissive macrophages while evading microbicidal ones.
- C. J. Cambier
- , Kevin K. Takaki
- & Lalita Ramakrishnan
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Letter |
Antibacterial membrane attack by a pore-forming intestinal C-type lectin
Secreted C-type lectins protect the intestinal epithelium from Gram-positive bacteria; this study shows that for the C-type lectin RegIIIα, bacterial killing occurs in a two-step process whereby the lectin first binds to bacterial peptidoglycans then oligomerizes on the bacterial membrane to form a permeabilizing pore.
- Sohini Mukherjee
- , Hui Zheng
- & Lora V. Hooper
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Letter |
A FOXO3–IRF7 gene regulatory circuit limits inflammatory sequelae of antiviral responses
FOXO3 is a negative regulator of IRF7, a master regulator of the antiviral response.
- Vladimir Litvak
- , Alexander V. Ratushny
- & Alan Aderem
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Article |
Suppression of the antiviral response by an influenza histone mimic
The H3N2 influenza virus immunomodulatory protein NS1 carries a sequence that mimics the histone H3 tail; this sequence interferes with the host antiviral response via binding to the cellular regulator of RNA elongation, hPAF1C.
- Ivan Marazzi
- , Jessica S. Y. Ho
- & Alexander Tarakhovsky
Structure of human phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the activated state