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Potentiating glymphatic drainage minimizes post-traumatic cerebral oedema
Acute oedema after traumatic brain injury is accompanied by the suppression of glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow due to excessive systemic release of noradrenaline.
- Rashad Hussain
- , Jeffrey Tithof
- & Maiken Nedergaard
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Article
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The neurons that restore walking after paralysis
Transcriptomic analysis following epidural electrical stimulation of the lumbar spinal cord during neurorehabilitation in mice identifies a population of neurons that orchestrates the restoration of walking following paralysis.
- Claudia Kathe
- , Michael A. Skinnider
- & Grégoire Courtine
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Article |
Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17
Fgf17 in young CSF boosts oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the aged hippocampus, improving memory function.
- Tal Iram
- , Fabian Kern
- & Tony Wyss-Coray
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Article |
Neuroprosthetic baroreflex controls haemodynamics after spinal cord injury
An epidural spinal cord stimulation system regulates blood pressure in the acute and chronic phases of spinal cord injury.
- Jordan W. Squair
- , Matthieu Gautier
- & Aaron A. Phillips
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Article |
Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision
Expression of three Yamanaka transcription factors in mouse retinal ganglion cells restores youthful DNA methylation patterns, promotes axon regeneration after injury, and reverses vision loss in a mouse model of glaucoma and in aged mice, suggesting that mammalian tissues retain a record of youthful epigenetic information that can be accessed to improve tissue function.
- Yuancheng Lu
- , Benedikt Brommer
- & David A. Sinclair
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Article |
Microglia-organized scar-free spinal cord repair in neonatal mice
In neonatal mice, scar-free healing after spinal cord injury is organized by microglia, and transplantation of neonatal microglia or peptidase-inhibitor-treated adult microglia into adult mice after injury improves healing and axon regrowth.
- Yi Li
- , Xuelian He
- & Zhigang He
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Article |
Reversing a model of Parkinson’s disease with in situ converted nigral neurons
Depletion of the RNA-binding protein PTB (also known as PTBP1) in astrocytes reprograms these cells to become functional neurons and, in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, reverses the disease phenotype.
- Hao Qian
- , Xinjiang Kang
- & Xiang-Dong Fu
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Article |
Injured adult neurons regress to an embryonic transcriptional growth state
In mouse models of central nervous system injury, Htt is shown to be a key component of the regulatory program associated with reversion of the neuronal transcriptome to a less-mature state.
- Gunnar H. D. Poplawski
- , Riki Kawaguchi
- & Mark H. Tuszynski
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Letter |
Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis
There are no new oligodendrocytes in potentially remyelinated multiple sclerosis shadow plaques, although oligodendrocyte generation is increased in the normal appearing white matter of patients with aggressive disease, informing the development of new therapies.
- Maggie S. Y. Yeung
- , Mehdi Djelloul
- & Jonas Frisén
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Letter |
Cervical excitatory neurons sustain breathing after spinal cord injury
A population of cervical interneurons is identified that can regulate diaphragm function by modulating phrenic motor neurons; targeting this small population of neurons may be a functional strategy to restore breathing after traumatic spinal cord injury.
- Kajana Satkunendrarajah
- , Spyridon K. Karadimas
- & Michael G. Fehlings
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Letter |
Required growth facilitators propel axon regeneration across complete spinal cord injury
Stimulating the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons and providing growth-supportive substrate and chemoattraction can allow axon regrowth across anatomically complete spinal cord injuries in adult rodents.
- Mark A. Anderson
- , Timothy M. O’Shea
- & Michael V. Sofroniew
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Letter |
Restoration of vision after de novo genesis of rod photoreceptors in mammalian retinas
Müller glia in mature mouse retina can be stimulated to produce rod cells; this treatment restores visual responses in a model of congenital blindness.
- Kai Yao
- , Suo Qiu
- & Bo Chen
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Review Article |
New approaches for brain repair—from rescue to reprogramming
- Roger A. Barker
- , Magdalena Götz
- & Malin Parmar
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Letter |
Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice
Inhibition of histone deacetylation allows the transcription factor Ascl1 to bind to key gene loci in Müller glia and drive the functional generation of retinal neurons in adult mice.
- Nikolas L. Jorstad
- , Matthew S. Wilken
- & Thomas A. Reh
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Article |
Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits
Transplanted embryonic neurons in mice mature and achieve adult-like properties within 4–8 weeks, receiving appropriate inputs and establishing stimulus-selective responses.
- Susanne Falkner
- , Sofia Grade
- & Mark Hübener
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Article |
Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration
Sustained delivery of axon-specific growth factors not typically present in spinal cord lesions allows for robust axonal regrowth only if the astrocytic scar is present—a result that questions the prevailing dogma and suggests that astrocytic scarring aids rather than prevents central nervous system axon regeneration post injury.
- Mark A. Anderson
- , Joshua E. Burda
- & Michael V. Sofroniew
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Letter |
EFF-1-mediated regenerative axonal fusion requires components of the apoptotic pathway
Unlike the limited post-injury neuronal regeneration in humans, severed axons in C. elegans can regenerate through a cellular fusion mechanism; this study identifies the molecular basis for this process which includes phosphatidylserine recognition and a role for specific molecules that also act in apoptosis.
- Brent Neumann
- , Sean Coakley
- & Massimo A. Hilliard
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Letter |
Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes recovery after spinal cord injury
Regeneration and plasticity after spinal cord injury are limited by inhibitory proteoglycans; here, modulation of a receptor for proteoglycans in rats is shown to lead to functional recovery after injury.
- Bradley T. Lang
- , Jared M. Cregg
- & Jerry Silver
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Outlook |
Perspective: Avoiding injury
There are easy ways to reduce the odds of suffering a life-changing injury, says Sara Klaas.
- Sara J. Klaas
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Outlook |
Regenerative medicine: Rebuilding the backbone
Surgeons can help fix damaged vertebrae, but could an infusion of cells in a bioengineered material grow to replace a damaged spinal column?
- Mike May
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Outlook |
Emergency medicine: The need for speed
Minimizing the damage done by an injury to the spinal cord requires fast action and advanced technology.
- Karyn Hede
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Outlook |
Stem cells: A time to heal
The first stem-cell therapies for spinal cord injuries are already being tested in clinical studies, but scientific and political uncertainty remain.
- Cassandra Willyard
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Outlook |
Drug development: Chemical brace
Drugs to protect vulnerable neurons and encourage neural circuits to reform could one day improve the outlook for patients with acute spinal cord trauma.
- Megan Cully
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Outlook |
Perspective: Protecting the neck
Better data and technology could prevent many devastating injuries, says Peter Cripton.
- Peter A. Cripton
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Outlook |
Technology: Mobility machines
Mechanical suits known as exoskeletons can help people with spinal cord injuries stand up and walk away from their wheelchairs — but not without training.
- Peter Gwynne
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Letter |
Protective astrogenesis from the SVZ niche after injury is controlled by Notch modulator Thbs4
This paper identifies a specific population of subventricular-zone-generated astrocytes that increases in population density after cortical injury; these activated astrocytes migrate to the site of injury, unlike described properties for their counterparts residing in the cortex.
- Eric J. Benner
- , Dominic Luciano
- & Chay T. Kuo
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News & Views |
Brain-controlled robot grabs attention
Restoring voluntary actions to paralysed patients is an ambition of neural-interface research. A study shows that people with tetraplegia can use brain control of a robotic arm to reach and grasp objects. See Letter p.372
- Andrew Jackson
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Letter |
Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles
A functional electrical stimulation system in primates that is controlled by recordings made from microelectrodes permanently implanted in the brain can be used to control the intensity of stimulation of muscles that are temporarily paralysed by pharmacological motor nerve blockade, thereby restoring voluntary control of the affected muscles; this is a major advance towards similar restoration of hand function in human patients with spinal cord injury.
- C. Ethier
- , E. R. Oby
- & L. E. Miller
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Letter |
Sustained axon regeneration induced by co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3
- Fang Sun
- , Kevin K. Park
- & Zhigang He
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News & Views |
Drawing breath after spinal injury
New work on a rat model suggests that, after spinal-cord injury, restoration of sustained and robust respiratory function is possible using strategies that promote both neuronal plasticity and regeneration. See Article p.196
- Katherine Zukor
- & Zhigang He
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Article |
Functional regeneration of respiratory pathways after spinal cord injury
- Warren J. Alilain
- , Kevin P. Horn
- & Jerry Silver
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Research Highlights |
Neuroimmunology: Immune input for retinal repair
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Research Highlights |
Drug development: Worm surgery on a chip
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Research Highlights |
Neuroscience: Guide the way to nerve repair
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Research Highlights |
Regenerative biology: New nerve cells connect
A transcriptomic taxonomy of mouse brain-wide spinal projecting neurons
Dissecting spinal cord regeneration