Sir,
We read with interest the case reported by Tan et al in July 2003 issue of Eye. The author presented one of the first cases of late bleb-related endophthalmitis caused by group B Streptococcus.1 As the authors emphasized, delayed-onset endophthalmitis usually occurs in the leaking bleb and most of the cases were caused by Staphylococci or Streptococci.2, 3 and fewer cases by fungus.4 However, other forms of organisms occasionally causes hypopyon and mimic bacterial endophthalmitis. We present an atypical case of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) mimicking bleb-related endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy.
A 76-year-old woman complained of a visual disturbance in her right eye for the previous 7 days. She had suffered from shingles around the right eye. She had experienced chronic recurrent iridocyclitis with secondary open-angle glaucoma for the last 10 years and had received trabeculectomy 3 years ago in the right eye.
Best-corrected visual acuity was light perception in the right eye. The right conjunctiva was severely injected. Marked cells and flare with angle hypopyon were present in the anterior chamber. A thin-walled bleb existed at the upper side of the conjunctiva. However, no opaque or leakage was seen in the bleb. The fundus was invisible because of extreme vitreous opacity.
A pars plana vitrectomy was conducted with a tentative diagnosis of bleb-related endophthalmitis. The retina was mostly intact and several exudative lesions with white vessels were observed at the nasal and inferior mid-peripheries of the fundus (Figure 1). Suspecting of a viral infection, vitreous humour was sampled. Whereas the culture examination resulted in no bacterial growth, varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The patient was diagnosed as ARNS caused by VZV.
Intravenous infusion of acyclovir of 750 mg/day and oral corticosteroid of 40 mg/day with topical corticosteroid were initiated. The white-exudative lesions gradually subsided and became necrotic degeneration. Visual acuity improved up to 160/200 in the right eye 2 months after vitrectomy.
To our knowledge, this is the first description of ARNS mimicking bleb-related endophthalmitis. We should be aware that viral infection could masquerade clinical features resembling a bacterial endophthalmitis.
References
Tan TY, Escardo-Paton JA, Walters RF . Late onset group B streptococcus endophthalmitis associated with conjunctival filtration bleb. Eye 2003; 17(5): 656–658.
Greenfield DS, Suner IJ, Miller MP, Kangas TA, Palmberg PF, Flynn Jr HW . Endophthalmitis after filtering surgery with mitomycin. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114(8): 943–949.
Waheed S, Ritterband DC, Greenfield DS, Liebmann JM, Seedor JA, Ritch R . New patterns of infecting organisms in late bleb-related endophthalmitis: a ten-year review. Eye 1998; 12(Part 6): 910–915.
Ruesch R, Buchi ER, Bischoff P, Schneider P . Pseudallescheria boydii fungal endophthalmitis. 6 years after trabeculectomy. Klin Monatsbl fur Augenheilkd 1994; 204(5): 468–469.
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Kaburaki, T., Sato, S., Kawashima, H. et al. A hypopyon is a sign of post-trabeculectomy endophthalmitis or not?. Eye 19, 692–693 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701556
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701556