This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Department of Health and Social Care, Griffith, A. & Stephenson, A. Government response to the Regulatory Horizons Council report on neurotechnology. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-response-to-the-regulatory-horizons-council-report-on-neurotechnology (2024).
Johnson, W. G. Regul. Gov. 17, 709–725 (2023).
Garden, H., Winickoff, D. E., Frahm, N. M. & Pfotenhauer, S. Responsible innovation in neurotechnology enterprises. https://doi.org/10.1787/9685e4fd-en (OECD, 2019).
Greenfield, A., Tait, J. & Denniston, A. The regulation of neurotechnology. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-horizons-council-the-regulation-of-neurotechnology (Regulatory Horizons Council, 2022).
Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Novel neurotechnologies: intervening in the brain. https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/publications/neurotechnology (2013).
Wexler, A. & Reiner, P. B. Science 363, 234–235 (2019).
Strickland, E. & Harris, M. IEEE Spectrum https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete (2022).
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. MHRA to launch the AI-Airlock, a new regulatory sandbox for AI developers. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-to-launch-the-ai-airlock-a-new-regulatory-sandbox-for-ai-developers (2023).
ICO tech futures: neurotechnology. https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/research-reports-impact-and-evaluation/research-and-reports/technology-and-innovation/ico-tech-futures-neurotechnology/ (UK Information Commissioner’s Office, 2023).
Rainey, S. et al. J. Law Biosci. 7, lsaa051 (2020).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Australian National University under the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. The author is grateful to Kathryn Henne for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, W.G. Should neurotechnologies go into the sandbox?. Nat Biotechnol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-024-02254-8
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-024-02254-8