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Monolithic three-dimensional tier-by-tier integration via van der Waals lamination
We develop a low-temperature, damage-free process using van der Waals lamination to integrate multiple circuit tiers into a monolithic three-dimensional device, incorporating unique multi-tier functionality and resolving legacy issues with the layering technology.
- Donglin Lu
- , Yang Chen
- & Yuan Liu
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Strain-invariant stretchable radio-frequency electronics
Stretchable radio-frequency electronics based on a dielectro-elastic elastomer is demonstrated to be capable of completely maintaining operating frequencies unaffected by strain and shows superior electrical, mechanical and thermal properties compared with conventional stretchable substrate materials.
- Sun Hong Kim
- , Abdul Basir
- & Yei Hwan Jung
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Article
| Open AccessPhotocatalytic doping of organic semiconductors
A previously undescribed photocatalytic approach enables the effective p-type and n-type doping of organic semiconductors at room temperature using only widely available weak dopants such as oxygen and triethylamine.
- Wenlong Jin
- , Chi-Yuan Yang
- & Simone Fabiano
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Long-range order enabled stability in quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Improving the long-range order of the quantum dots in perovskite LEDs can markedly enhance their operational stability.
- Ya-Kun Wang
- , Haoyue Wan
- & Liang-Sheng Liao
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| Open AccessDecoupling excitons from high-frequency vibrations in organic molecules
A molecular design strategy for reducing the vibration-induced non-radiative losses in emissive organic semiconductors is realized by decoupling excitons from high-frequency vibrations.
- Pratyush Ghosh
- , Antonios M. Alvertis
- & Akshay Rao
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| Open AccessSelenium-alloyed tellurium oxide for amorphous p-channel transistors
A pioneering design strategy for amorphous p-type semiconductors can be used in high-performance, stable p-channel TFTs and complementary circuits, which may establish viable amorphous p-channel TFT technology and large-area complementary electronics in a low-cost manner.
- Ao Liu
- , Yong-Sung Kim
- & Yong-Young Noh
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Giant energy storage and power density negative capacitance superlattices
Using a three-pronged approach — spanning field-driven negative capacitance stabilization to increase intrinsic energy storage, antiferroelectric superlattice engineering to increase total energy storage, and conformal three-dimensional deposition to increase areal energy storage density — very high electrostatic energy storage density and power density are reported in HfO2–ZrO2-based thin film microcapacitors integrated into silicon.
- Suraj S. Cheema
- , Nirmaan Shanker
- & Sayeef Salahuddin
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Phase-change memory via a phase-changeable self-confined nano-filament
We present a device that can reduce the phase-change memory reset current while maintaining a high on/off ratio, fast speed and small variations, representing advances for neuromorphic computing systems.
- See-On Park
- , Seokman Hong
- & Shinhyun Choi
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A three-dimensional liquid diode for soft, integrated permeable electronics
Incorporation of a ‘liquid diode’ into a wearable electronic platform enhances comfort and stability by shunting away sweat as it accumulates.
- Binbin Zhang
- , Jiyu Li
- & Xinge Yu
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Dual quantum spin Hall insulator by density-tuned correlations in TaIrTe4
A study reports a dual quantum spin Hall insulator in monolayer TaIrTe4, arising from the interplay of its single-particle topology and density-tuned electron correlations.
- Jian Tang
- , Thomas Siyuan Ding
- & Qiong Ma
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High-speed and large-scale intrinsically stretchable integrated circuits
High-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors with high driving ability and integrated circuits with high operation speed and large-scale integration were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design.
- Donglai Zhong
- , Can Wu
- & Zhenan Bao
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Double-side 2D/3D heterojunctions for inverted perovskite solar cells
A study presents a technique to sandwich 3D perovskite with 2D perovskites at the top and bottom, improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
- Randi Azmi
- , Drajad Satrio Utomo
- & Stefaan De Wolf
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Observation of plaid-like spin splitting in a noncoplanar antiferromagnet
Examining the in-plane spin components of the noncoplanar antiferromagnet manganese ditelluride provides spectroscopic and computational evidence of materials with a new type of plaid-like spin splitting in the antiferromagnetic ground state.
- Yu-Peng Zhu
- , Xiaobing Chen
- & Chang Liu
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| Open AccessHigh-quality semiconductor fibres via mechanical design
A mechanical design is developed for the fabrication of ultralong, fracture-free and perturbation-free semiconductor fibres to address the increasing demand for flexible and wearable optoelectronics.
- Zhixun Wang
- , Zhe Wang
- & Lei Wei
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Three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional field-effect transistors
Monolithic three-dimensional integration of two-dimensional field-effect transistors enables improved integration density and multifunctionality to realize ‘More Moore’ and ‘More than Moore’ technologies.
- Darsith Jayachandran
- , Rahul Pendurthi
- & Saptarshi Das
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Moiré synaptic transistor with room-temperature neuromorphic functionality
We report the experimental realization and room-temperature operation of a low-power (20 pW) moiré synaptic transistor based on an asymmetric bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré heterostructure.
- Xiaodong Yan
- , Zhiren Zheng
- & Mark C. Hersam
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Ultralow-resistance electrochemical capacitor for integrable line filtering
A miniaturized narrow-channel in-plane electrochemical capacitor shows drastically reduced ionic resistances within both the electrode material and the electrolyte and an ultrahigh areal capacitance by downscaling the channel width with femtosecond-laser scribing.
- Yajie Hu
- , Mingmao Wu
- & Liangti Qu
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Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation
An injectable hydrogel for use as a scaffold to aid tissue repair is described, the material of which is conductive so that it can be used both for electrophysiological measurement and electrostimulation in closed-loop robot-assisted rehabilitation.
- Subin Jin
- , Heewon Choi
- & Mikyung Shin
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Doping of molecular semiconductors through proton-coupled electron transfer
Proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions are used to achieve efficient chemical doping of organic semiconductor thin films under ambient conditions, and a reference-electrode-free, resistive pH sensor based on the method is proposed.
- Masaki Ishii
- , Yu Yamashita
- & Jun Takeya
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| Open AccessAn analog-AI chip for energy-efficient speech recognition and transcription
A low-power chip that runs AI models using analog rather than digital computation shows comparable accuracy on speech-recognition tasks but is more than 14 times as energy efficient.
- S. Ambrogio
- , P. Narayanan
- & G. W. Burr
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Perspective |
The future transistors
The challenges and opportunities for the design of field-effect transistors are discussed and a vision of future transistors and potential innovation opportunities is provided.
- Wei Cao
- , Huiming Bu
- & Kaustav Banerjee
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Fluidic self-assembly for MicroLED displays by controlled viscosity
A MicroLED lighting panel, assembled in 60 s by a surface-tension-driven fluidic self-assembly technique, gave a yield as high as 99.90% through the addition of a small amount of poloxamer to the assembly solution.
- Daewon Lee
- , Seongkyu Cho
- & Sunghoon Kwon
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Helical polymers for dissymmetric circularly polarized light imaging
We report a simple method to fabricate chiroptical flexible layers via supramolecular helical ordering of conjugated polymer chains, providing direct, scalable realization of on-chip detection of the spin degree of freedom of photons.
- Inho Song
- , Jaeyong Ahn
- & Joon Hak Oh
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Suppressed phase segregation for triple-junction perovskite solar cells
All-perovskite triple-junction solar cell devices have been fabricated, with a certified efficiency of 23.3%; these devices retain 80% of their initial efficiency following 420 hours of operation.
- Zaiwei Wang
- , Lewei Zeng
- & Edward H. Sargent
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Ballistic two-dimensional InSe transistors
A two-dimensional field-effect transistor made of indium selenide is shown to outperform state-of-the-art silicon-based transistors, operating at lower supply voltage and achieving record high transconductance and ballistic ratio.
- Jianfeng Jiang
- , Lin Xu
- & Lian-Mao Peng
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Bright and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes in the near-infrared range
Perovskite LEDs with exceptional performance at high brightness are demonstrated achieving an operational half-lifetime of 32 hours, an important step towards commercialization opening up new opportunities beyond conventional LED technologies, such as perovskite electrically pumped lasers.
- Yuqi Sun
- , Lishuang Ge
- & Neil C. Greenham
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| Open AccessHuman–machine collaboration for improving semiconductor process development
A virtual process game to benchmark the performance of humans and computers for the fabrication of semiconductors leads to a strategy combining human expert design with optimization algorithms to improve semiconductor process development.
- Keren J. Kanarik
- , Wojciech T. Osowiecki
- & Richard A. Gottscho
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Ladderphane copolymers for high-temperature capacitive energy storage
A class of dielectric copolymers called ladderphanes is shown to outperform existing dielectric polymers and composites, with high discharged energy density and charge–discharge efficiency even at temperatures up to 200 °C.
- Jie Chen
- , Yao Zhou
- & Qing Wang
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Electronic metadevices for terahertz applications
Through microscopic manipulation of radiofrequency fields, a new class of compact terahertz devices is proposed, setting the stage for next-generation ultrafast semiconductor electronics.
- Mohammad Samizadeh Nikoo
- & Elison Matioli
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A universal interface for plug-and-play assembly of stretchable devices
A universal interface connects soft, rigid and encapsulation modules together to form robust, stretchable devices in a plug-and-play manner by pressing without using pastes, which will simplify and accelerate development of on-skin and implantable devices.
- Ying Jiang
- , Shaobo Ji
- & Xiaodong Chen
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In-plane charged domain walls with memristive behaviour in a ferroelectric film
The direct observation of in-plane charged domain walls in BiFeO3 ferroelectric films a few nanometres thick, their deterministic creation, manipulation and annihilation by applied voltage, as well the demonstration of their memristive functionality is reported.
- Zhongran Liu
- , Han Wang
- & He Tian
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Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction
A new exchange-bias effect between two different antiferromagnetic layers enables the fabrication of all-antiferromagnetic structures that have a large room-temperature tunnelling magnetoresistance and potential applications for ultrafast memory technologies.
- Peixin Qin
- , Han Yan
- & Zhiqi Liu
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| Open AccessVertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits
Vertical organic electrochemical transistors demonstrating unprecedented performances in both p- and n-type operation modes have been synthesized from new electro-active and ion-permeable semiconducting polymers by the interface engineering of electro-active blend layers.
- Wei Huang
- , Jianhua Chen
- & Antonio Facchetti
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Non-epitaxial single-crystal 2D material growth by geometric confinement
Geometric confinement on arbitrary substrates promotes, without epitaxial seeding, the layer-by-layer growth of two-dimensional single-crystal monolayers and bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides.
- Ki Seok Kim
- , Doyoon Lee
- & Jeehwan Kim
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Approaching the quantum limit in two-dimensional semiconductor contacts
The electrical contact of two-dimensional transistors is pushed close to the quantum limit by hybridization of the energy bands with antimony; the contacts have low contact resistance and excellent stability.
- Weisheng Li
- , Xiaoshu Gong
- & Xinran Wang
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Spin cross-correlation experiments in an electron entangler
Spin correlation experiments are demonstrated in an electron entangler device based on the ‘splitting’ of Cooper pairs from a superconductor, which can potentially be used to investigate many fundamental phases and processes related to the electron spin.
- Arunav Bordoloi
- , Valentina Zannier
- & Andreas Baumgartner
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Ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes
The authors develop a method for the production of ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieved with a simple in situ reaction process.
- Joo Sung Kim
- , Jung-Min Heo
- & Tae-Woo Lee
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A dynamically reprogrammable surface with self-evolving shape morphing
The work presents a reprogrammable metasurface, constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, that can precisely and rapidly morph into a wide range of target shapes and dynamic shape processes.
- Yun Bai
- , Heling Wang
- & Xiaoyue Ni
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A solution-processed n-type conducting polymer with ultrahigh conductivity
A reaction is described combining oxidative polymerization and in situ reductive n-doping to yield poly(benzodifurandione), a facilely synthesized stable n-type conducting polymer with ultrahigh conductivity, with applications in organic electronics.
- Haoran Tang
- , Yuanying Liang
- & Fei Huang
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| Open AccessA compute-in-memory chip based on resistive random-access memory
A compute-in-memory neural-network inference accelerator based on resistive random-access memory simultaneously improves energy efficiency, flexibility and accuracy compared with existing hardware by co-optimizing across all hierarchies of the design.
- Weier Wan
- , Rajkumar Kubendran
- & Gert Cauwenberghs
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Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes
Using a sol–gel passivation method, the fabrication of blue InGaN nanorod-LEDs with the highest external quantum efficiency value ever reported for LEDs in the nanoscale is demonstrated.
- Mihyang Sheen
- , Yunhyuk Ko
- & Changhee Lee
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P-type electrical contacts for 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides
Clean van der Waals contacts of high-work-function metals have been demonstrated on few- and single-layered MoS2 and WSe2, leading to p-type characteristics on single-layer MoS2 and purely p-type characteristics on WSe2.
- Yan Wang
- , Jong Chan Kim
- & Manish Chhowalla
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Perpendicular full switching of chiral antiferromagnetic order by current
Full, perpendicular and bidirectional spin–orbit torque switching of chiral antiferromagnetic order using an electrical current is experimentally demonstrated with epitaxial heterostructures.
- Tomoya Higo
- , Kouta Kondou
- & Satoru Nakatsuji
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Chiral molecular intercalation superlattices
By intercalating layered 2D atomic crystals with selected chiral molecules, a new class of chiral molecular intercalation superlattices is reported, demonstrating highly ordered structures and achieving high tunnelling magnetoresistance and spin polarization ratios.
- Qi Qian
- , Huaying Ren
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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| Open AccessOrganic bipolar transistors
An organic bipolar junction transistor composed of highly crystalline rubrene thin films has a device architecture that could be used in organic electronics with greatly improved high-frequency performance
- Shu-Jen Wang
- , Michael Sawatzki
- & Karl Leo
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Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers
Light-field control of real and virtual charge carriers in a gold–graphene–gold heterostructure is demonstrated, and used to create a logic gate for application in lightwave electronics.
- Tobias Boolakee
- , Christian Heide
- & Peter Hommelhoff
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High-κ perovskite membranes as insulators for two-dimensional transistors
Single-crystalline perovskite membranes with an ultrahigh dielectric constant show potential as a gate dielectric for two-dimensional field-effect transistors.
- Jing-Kai Huang
- , Yi Wan
- & Sean Li
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Uniform nucleation and epitaxy of bilayer molybdenum disulfide on sapphire
The epitaxial growth of bilayer molybdenum disulfide on sapphire enables the fabrication of field-effect transistor devices with improved performance in carrier mobility and on-state current over traditional monolayer films.
- Lei Liu
- , Taotao Li
- & Xinran Wang
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Perovskite–organic tandem solar cells with indium oxide interconnect
A thin low-loss indium oxide interconnect layer grown by atomic layer deposition enables perovskite–organic hybrid tandem solar cells with a high open-circuit voltage and a high power conversion efficiency.
- K. O. Brinkmann
- , T. Becker
- & T. Riedl