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| Open AccessSpatially organized cellular communities form the developing human heart
Combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with high-resolution multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals in detail the cellular interactions and specialization of cardiac cell types that form and remodel the human heart.
- Elie N. Farah
- , Robert K. Hu
- & Neil C. Chi
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Article
| Open AccessOn the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes
An insertion of an Alu element into an intron of the TBXT gene is identified as a genetic mechanism of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes, with implications for human health today.
- Bo Xia
- , Weimin Zhang
- & Itai Yanai
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Article
| Open AccessCytoneme-mediated transport of active Wnt5b–Ror2 complexes in zebrafish
In zebrafish embryos, active complexes of Wnt5b and its membrane-bound receptor Ror2 are transported between cells via cellular protrusions called cytonemes to initiate paracrine Wnt5b signalling in cells that do not endogenously express the receptor.
- Chengting Zhang
- , Lucy Brunt
- & Steffen Scholpp
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Molecular evidence of anteroposterior patterning in adult echinoderms
RNA tomography and in situ hybridization in echinoderms suggest a new ambulacral-anterior model to relate echinoderm pentaradial symmetry to the ancestral bilateral symmetry.
- L. Formery
- , P. Peluso
- & C. J. Lowe
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Neuronal migration prevents spatial competition in retinal morphogenesis
Experiments in zebrafish and human tissues show that, during retinal morphogenesis, emerging photoreceptor cells migrate in a bidirectional manner, which lessens competition for space and helps to ensure that the retina is formed correctly.
- Mauricio Rocha-Martins
- , Elisa Nerli
- & Caren Norden
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Reconstituting human somitogenesis in vitro
A 3D model of human segmentation and somitogenesis derived from induced pluripotent stem cells captures the oscillatory dynamics of the segmentation clock as well as morphological and molecular features of the developing embryonic axis and tail.
- Yoshihiro Yamanaka
- , Sofiane Hamidi
- & Cantas Alev
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Left–right symmetry of zebrafish embryos requires somite surface tension
In zebrafish embryos, initial somite anteroposterior lengths and positions are imprecise and, as a consequence, many somite pairs form left–right asymmetrically.
- Sundar R. Naganathan
- , Marko Popović
- & Andrew C. Oates
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Morphogen gradient scaling by recycling of intracellular Dpp
A mechanism involving intracellular recycling of the morphogen Decapentaplegic (Dpp) underlies the scaling of the Dpp gradient in the Drosophila wing disc, and this is modulated by the extracellular factors Pentagone and Dally.
- Maria Romanova-Michaelides
- , Zena Hadjivasiliou
- & Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
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Article |
Human neural tube morphogenesis in vitro by geometric constraints
Stem cells cultured in a micropattern-constrained platform form a quantitative and robust model of human neural tube morphogenesis.
- Eyal Karzbrun
- , Aimal H. Khankhel
- & Sebastian J. Streichan
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Control of osteoblast regeneration by a train of Erk activity waves
The rate of scale regeneration in zebrafish is controlled by the frequency of rhythmic travelling waves of Erk activity, which are broadcast from a central source to induce ring-like patterns of osteoblast tissue growth.
- Alessandro De Simone
- , Maya N. Evanitsky
- & Stefano Di Talia
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Tension heterogeneity directs form and fate to pattern the myocardial wall
Differences in the mechanical properties of individual cardiomyocytes drive their segregation into compact versus trabecular layer, thereby transforming the myocardium in a developing heart from a simple epithelium into an intricately patterned tissue with distinct cell fates.
- Rashmi Priya
- , Srinivas Allanki
- & Didier Y. R. Stainier
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Matters Arising |
Zebrafish prrx1a mutants have normal hearts
- Federico Tessadori
- , Dennis E. M. de Bakker
- & Jeroen Bakkers
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Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis
Miniature gut tubes grown in vitro from mouse intestinal stem cells are perfusable, can be colonized with microorganisms and exhibit a similar arrangement and diversity of specialized cell types to intestines in vivo.
- Mikhail Nikolaev
- , Olga Mitrofanova
- & Matthias P. Lutolf
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Basement membrane remodelling regulates mouse embryogenesis
Nodal signalling coordinates embryonic development before and during gastrulation by directing perforation of the basement membrane via spatiotemporal regulation of matrix metalloprotease expression.
- Christos Kyprianou
- , Neophytos Christodoulou
- & Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
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Coupling delay controls synchronized oscillation in the segmentation clock
Monitoring cells of the mouse presomitic mesoderm using the Achilles reporter fused to HES7 sheds light on the mechanisms that underpin synchronous oscillations in the expression of clock genes between neighbouring cells.
- Kumiko Yoshioka-Kobayashi
- , Marina Matsumiya
- & Ryoichiro Kageyama
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Letter |
An actin-based viscoplastic lock ensures progressive body-axis elongation
Molecular analysis and mathematical modelling are combined to identify a network of factors that account for viscoplastic deformation in elongation of Caenorhabditis elegans during embryonic development.
- Alicia Lardennois
- , Gabriella Pásti
- & Michel Labouesse
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Letter |
Wnt and TGFβ coordinate growth and patterning to regulate size-dependent behaviour
A planarian fission protocol shows that the number of progeny and the frequency of fission initiation correlate with parent size, and TGFβ and Wnt signalling components are identified as regulators of fission behaviour.
- Christopher P. Arnold
- , Blair W. Benham-Pyle
- & Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
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Genetic induction and mechanochemical propagation of a morphogenetic wave
Tissue shape changes in the posterior endoderm of the early Drosophila embryo are driven by actomyosin contractions emerging from a transcriptional induction followed by a mechanically-driven propagation of RhoI–myosin II activation.
- Anaïs Bailles
- , Claudio Collinet
- & Thomas Lecuit
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Letter |
Hydraulic control of mammalian embryo size and cell fate
A mouse blastocyst model reveals how lumenal pressure, cell cortical tension and tissue stiffness act at the tissue scale to regulate embryo size, which in turn influences the division pattern of trophectoderm cells and their fate specification.
- Chii Jou Chan
- , Maria Costanzo
- & Takashi Hiiragi
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Distinct modes of cell competition shape mammalian tissue morphogenesis
Cell competition in the developing mouse epithelium involves apoptosis and engulfment when the epithelium has only one layer, but switches to involve asymmetric cell division and differentiation of ‘loser’ cells as the epithelium becomes stratified.
- Stephanie J. Ellis
- , Nicholas C. Gomez
- & Elaine Fuchs
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Letter |
Single-cell transcriptomes of the regenerating intestine reveal a revival stem cell
Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals the presence in the intestinal crypt of revival stem cells, which give rise to crypt-base columnar cells and are essential for repair of the intestinal epithelium following injury.
- Arshad Ayyaz
- , Sandeep Kumar
- & Alex Gregorieff
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Letter |
Attachment of the blastoderm to the vitelline envelope affects gastrulation of insects
In the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), spatiotemporally coordinated integrin-dependent attachments between the blastoderm and vitelline envelope counteract tissue-intrinsic contractile forces to create asymmetric movements of embryonic tissue.
- Stefan Münster
- , Akanksha Jain
- & Pavel Tomancak
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Letter |
Molecular control of macroscopic forces drives formation of the vertebrate hindgut
Cell-labelling experiments are used to demonstrate that the hindgut in the chick embryo is formed by cells moving through the stationary caudal intestinal portal as a result of a contractile force gradient directed by fibroblast growth factor signalling.
- Nandan L. Nerurkar
- , ChangHee Lee
- & Clifford J. Tabin
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Letter |
Inner ear development in cyclostomes and evolution of the vertebrate semicircular canals
The differentiation of the inner ear in the lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum and hagfish Eptatretus burgeri sheds light on the evolution of the semicircular canals of jawed vertebrates.
- Shinnosuke Higuchi
- , Fumiaki Sugahara
- & Shigeru Kuratani
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Mechanoresponsive stem cells acquire neural crest fate in jaw regeneration
Reversion of adult skeletal stem cells to a developmental state underlies the growth of new bone during jaw regeneration, in a process that relies on mechanotransduction via the focal adhesion kinase protein.
- Ryan C. Ransom
- , Ava C. Carter
- & Michael T. Longaker
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Letter |
Self-organization of a human organizer by combined Wnt and Nodal signalling
Stimulation of Wnt and Nodal pathways in micropatterned human embryonic stem cell colonies induce these colonies to exhibit characteristic spatial expression patterns of the organizer and reproduce organizer function when grafted into a host embryo.
- I. Martyn
- , T. Y. Kanno
- & A. H. Brivanlou
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Letter |
Control of cardiac jelly dynamics by NOTCH1 and NRG1 defines the building plan for trabeculation
A new model of cardiac trabeculation in mice is presented in which NOTCH1 and NRG1 have opposing roles in extracellular matrix degradation and synthesis that are essential for defining trabecular architecture.
- Gonzalo del Monte-Nieto
- , Mirana Ramialison
- & Richard P. Harvey
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Letter |
Tissue stiffening coordinates morphogenesis by triggering collective cell migration in vivo
Stiffening of the mesoderm owing to an accumulation of cells triggers collective migration of neural crest cells during morphogenesis.
- Elias H. Barriga
- , Kristian Franze
- & Roberto Mayor
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Letter |
Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos
Exit of epiblasts from an unrestricted naive pluripotent state is required for epithelialization and generation of the pro-amniotic cavity in mouse embryos and for amniotic cavity formation in human embryos and human embryonic stem cells.
- Marta N. Shahbazi
- , Antonio Scialdone
- & Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
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Letter |
Transitional basal cells at the squamous–columnar junction generate Barrett’s oesophagus
Barrett’s oesophagus—a metaplasia that can be induced by persistent acid reflux, and predisposes patients to oesophageal cancer—arises from a population of basal cells at the gastro-oesophageal junction.
- Ming Jiang
- , Haiyan Li
- & Jianwen Que
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Letter |
A right-handed signalling pathway drives heart looping in vertebrates
Two parallel signalling pathways, driven by Nodal and BMP, respectively integrate left- and right-handed information that drives heart looping and morphogenesis, and are conserved between zebrafish, chicken and mouse.
- Oscar H. Ocaña
- , Hakan Coskun
- & M. Angela Nieto
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Article |
Developmental mechanisms of stripe patterns in rodents
Alx3-induced modulation of Mitf expression alters melanocyte differentiation and gives rise to the hair colour differences underlying the repeated evolution of dorsal stripes in rodents.
- Ricardo Mallarino
- , Corneliu Henegar
- & Hopi E. Hoekstra
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Letter |
Digits and fin rays share common developmental histories
Hoxa- and Hoxd-deficient zebrafish generated using Crispr/Cas with fate mapping have reduced fin rays and increased endochondral elements, establishing homology between the developmental programs that create fin rays and the wrists and digits of mammals.
- Tetsuya Nakamura
- , Andrew R. Gehrke
- & Neil H. Shubin
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Letter |
Asymmetric division of contractile domains couples cell positioning and fate specification
Here, a combination of biophysical measurement, modelling, and genetic and experimental manipulation of cell contractile components is used to analyse the formation of the inner cell mass in the early mouse embryo.
- Jean-Léon Maître
- , Hervé Turlier
- & Takashi Hiiragi
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Letter |
Coordinating cardiomyocyte interactions to direct ventricular chamber morphogenesis
A complex interplay involving Notch- and Erbb2-mediated signalling between cardiomyocytes guides the morphogenesis of the ventricular wall.
- Peidong Han
- , Joshua Bloomekatz
- & Neil C. Chi
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Letter |
Epithelial tricellular junctions act as interphase cell shape sensors to orient mitosis
As fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape directionality to orient mitosis, and promoting geometric and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues.
- Floris Bosveld
- , Olga Markova
- & Yohanns Bellaïche
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Letter |
Cell mixing induced by myc is required for competitive tissue invasion and destruction
Live imaging of myc-driven competition in healthy Drosophila tissues shows that cells expressing higher levels of myc actively mix with the neighbouring cells, which increases the probability of eliminating neighbouring cells.
- Romain Levayer
- , Barbara Hauert
- & Eduardo Moreno
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Letter |
A self-organized biomechanical network drives shape changes during tissue morphogenesis
Feedbacks between the dissociation and advection of myosin II result in self-organized behaviour of actomyosin networks that drives shape changes during tissue morphogenesis.
- Akankshi Munjal
- , Jean-Marc Philippe
- & Thomas Lecuit
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Letter |
YAP is essential for tissue tension to ensure vertebrate 3D body shape
D’Arcy Thompson predicted a century ago that animal body shape is conditioned by gravity, but there has been no animal model to study how cellular forces are coordinated to generate body shapes that withstand gravity; the hirame medaka fish mutant, with pronounced body flattening, reveals how the hirame/YAP gene controls gravity-resisting cellular forces to produce complex 3D organs and body shapes.
- Sean Porazinski
- , Huijia Wang
- & Makoto Furutani-Seiki
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Letter |
Apico-basal forces exerted by apoptotic cells drive epithelium folding
Apoptotic cell death is required for morphogenesis of the developing leg joint of fruitflies; using this model system, the authors show here that within apoptotic cells a transient pulling force exerted through a highly dynamic apico-basal myosin II cable-like structure acts as a mechanical signal to increase tissue tension and modify tissue shape.
- Bruno Monier
- , Melanie Gettings
- & Magali Suzanne
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Article |
A positional Toll receptor code directs convergent extension in Drosophila
Body axis elongation from head to tail is essential for animal development, however, the spatial cues that direct cell rearrangements relative to the anterior–posterior axis were unknown; this Drosophila study of convergent extension reveals that three Toll family receptors, expressed in overlapping stripes, modulate the contractile properties of cells to generate the polarized cell rearrangements that lead to body axis elongation.
- Adam C. Paré
- , Athea Vichas
- & Jennifer A. Zallen
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Letter |
Apical constriction drives tissue-scale hydrodynamic flow to mediate cell elongation
The lengthening phase of ventral furrow formation in Drosophila gastrulation is driven by cytoplasmic flows triggered by apical constriction of mesoderm cells independent of the mechanical inputs from the basolateral membranes.
- Bing He
- , Konstantin Doubrovinski
- & Eric Wieschaus
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Letter |
Epithelial junctions maintain tissue architecture by directing planar spindle orientation
The Drosophila tumour suppressors Scribbled and Discs large 1 are found to be essential regulators of planar spindle alignment during epithelial cell division; aberrant effects of spindle alignment are shown to be corrected through apoptosis, and the suppression of this mechanism can result in epithelial dysplasia and tumorigenesis.
- Yu-ichiro Nakajima
- , Emily J. Meyer
- & Matthew C. Gibson
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Letter |
X-ray phase-contrast in vivo microtomography probes new aspects of Xenopus gastrulation
Opaque tissues provide a challenge for live imaging of Xenopus laevis development; a problem solved by in vivo time-lapse X-ray microtomography that is shown to provide a high-resolution three-dimensional view of structural changes and dynamics of gastrulation, and that is applied to identify and analyse new aspects of gastrulation in frog embryos.
- Julian Moosmann
- , Alexey Ershov
- & Ralf Hofmann
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Letter |
Adaptive dynamics under development-based genotype–phenotype maps
Tooth development is used as a model to examine which aspects of phenotype can be optimized by natural selection; this reveals that the complexity of the relationship between genotypic and phenotypic variation can affect adaptation
- Isaac Salazar-Ciudad
- & Miquel Marín-Riera
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Letter |
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across embryonic development
Genetically encoded probes for the non-peptidic morphogen retinoic acid allow the quantitative measurement of physiological RA concentration in vivo; the results support the source–sink diffusion model of morphogen dynamics proposed by Francis Crick in 1970.
- Satoshi Shimozono
- , Tadahiro Iimura
- & Atsushi Miyawaki
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Letter |
Mitotic cell rounding accelerates epithelial invagination
Drosophila epithelial tracheal placode invagination is shown to be driven by mitotic cell rounding along with epithelial growth factor receptor signalling and myosin contractility in neighbouring cells, revealing a new cell-division-independent role for mitotic events in morphogenesis.
- Takefumi Kondo
- & Shigeo Hayashi
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Letter |
A transcriptomic hourglass in plant embryogenesis
As it develops from a single-celled zygote to a mature plant embryo, the thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana passes through a stage during which phylogenetically very ancient genes are preferentially expressed, showing that animals and plants have independently acquired the developmental hourglass as a similar way of managing gene expression as they pass through embryogenesis, even though their morphological development is very different.
- Marcel Quint
- , Hajk-Georg Drost
- & Ivo Grosse
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Article |
Clonally dominant cardiomyocytes direct heart morphogenesis
Using a conditional multicolour tracing approach, the contributions of individual cardiomyocytes to zebrafish heart morphogenesis are defined, revealing clonal dominance as a key mechanism.
- Vikas Gupta
- & Kenneth D. Poss