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Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity
A study of calcium homeostasis in the plant Arabidopsis reveals two signalling pathways it uses to balance the objectives of growth and immunity by regulating the level of Ca2+ in the cytosol.
- Chao Wang
- , Ren-Jie Tang
- & Sheng Luan
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Spatial IMA1 regulation restricts root iron acquisition on MAMP perception
Microorganism-associated molecular patterns such as flagellin lead to suppression of root iron acquisition through localized degradation of the systemic iron-deficiency signalling peptide Iron Man 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Min Cao
- , Matthieu Pierre Platre
- & Wolfgang Busch
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Article |
Molecular basis of methyl-salicylate-mediated plant airborne defence
Aphid-transmitted viruses encode proteins that suppress the plant airborne defence response—which is triggered by volatile chemicals released by neighbouring plants after aphid attack—and the plants consequently become less repellent to aphids and more suitable for aphid survival, infestation and viral transmission.
- Qian Gong
- , Yunjing Wang
- & Yule Liu
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Article
| Open Access
A tripartite rheostat controls self-regulated host plant resistance to insects
Insect salivary protein (BISP) targets OsRLCK185 to suppress defence in susceptible plants, whereas in resistant plants BISP binds BPH14 to activate host plant resistance. To restore cellular homeostasis, the resistance mechanism is fine-tuned by selective autophagy.
- Jianping Guo
- , Huiying Wang
- & Guangcun He
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Genome editing of a rice CDP-DAG synthase confers multipathogen resistance
Editing of a rice gene that has a role in phospholipid synthesis has endowed rice plants with broad-spectrum resistance to disease, including protection from common bacterial and fungal pathogens, without decreasing the yield.
- Gan Sha
- , Peng Sun
- & Guotian Li
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Article
| Open Access
Chiral monoterpenes reveal forest emission mechanisms and drought responses
Analysis of atmospheric data on two enantiomerically separated forms of monoterpene from a controlled drought and rewetting experiment in an enclosed tropical rainforest ecosystem showed distinct diel emission peaks, regulated by different production pathways.
- Joseph Byron
- , Juergen Kreuzwieser
- & Jonathan Williams
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Article
| Open Access
Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate
Suppression of salicylic acid production in Arabidopsis thaliana at high temperature is caused by decreased recruitment of GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3 defence-associated condensates on promoter sites of master immune regulatory genes.
- Jong Hum Kim
- , Christian Danve M. Castroverde
- & Sheng Yang He
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Article
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An oxygen-sensing mechanism for angiosperm adaptation to altitude
Plants have adapted to grow at specific altitudes by regulating chlorophyll synthesis in response to ambient oxygen concentration, calibrated by altitude-dependent activity of GROUP VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR.
- Mohamad Abbas
- , Gunjan Sharma
- & Michael J. Holdsworth
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Article |
Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss
A plant endogenous peptide-receptor signaling pathway termed SCREW–NUT is described; it counteracts microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)- and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure to regulate the reopening of stomata after biotic and abiotic stresses.
- Zunyong Liu
- , Shuguo Hou
- & Libo Shan
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Article |
NLRs guard metabolism to coordinate pattern- and effector-triggered immunity
The deubiquitinase PICI1 is identified as part of an immunity hub that coordinates pattern- and effector-triggered immunity and is involved in conferring broad-spectrum resistance to blast across different subspecies of rice.
- Keran Zhai
- , Di Liang
- & Zuhua He
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Article
| Open Access
Cold-induced Arabidopsis FRIGIDA nuclear condensates for FLC repression
In Arabidopsis thaliana, downregulation of the floral repressor FLC in response to cold occurs through a mechanism in which the FLC activator FRIGIDA is sequestered into biomolecular condensates away from the FLC promoter.
- Pan Zhu
- , Clare Lister
- & Caroline Dean
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Article |
A phase-separated nuclear GBPL circuit controls immunity in plants
A family of plant guanylate-binding protein-like GTPases controls phase separation and assembly of condensates, thereby forming a circuit that regulates transcriptional responses to biotic stress.
- Shuai Huang
- , Shiwei Zhu
- & John D. MacMicking
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Article |
Mutual potentiation of plant immunity by cell-surface and intracellular receptors
In Arabidopsis, two distinct types of immunity—that mediated by cell-surface receptors and that mediated by intracellular receptors—interact with and mutually enhance each other to provide effective defence against pathogens.
- Bruno Pok Man Ngou
- , Hee-Kyung Ahn
- & Jonathan D. G. Jones
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Article |
Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity
Bacteria elicit two distinct immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediated by diverse signalling receptors but working in a synergistic manner.
- Minhang Yuan
- , Zeyu Jiang
- & Xiu-Fang Xin
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Article |
Quinone perception in plants via leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases
Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone signalling occurs in Arabidopsis and in the root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum via increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration mediated by the leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase CARD1 in Arabidopsis, or by its homologues in P. japonicum.
- Anuphon Laohavisit
- , Takanori Wakatake
- & Ken Shirasu
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Article |
The calcium-permeable channel OSCA1.3 regulates plant stomatal immunity
A study in Arabidopsis thaliana shows that the immune receptor-associated cytosolic kinase BIK1 phosphorylates OSCA1.3 and identifies OSCA1.3 as the pathogen-responsive Ca2+-permeable channel that regulates stomatal closure.
- Kathrin Thor
- , Shushu Jiang
- & Cyril Zipfel
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Article |
A prion-like domain in ELF3 functions as a thermosensor in Arabidopsis
The adaptability of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana to different temperatures is regulated by the ability of its ELF3 protein to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation, in a manner that is dependent on the protein’s prion-like domain.
- Jae-Hoon Jung
- , Antonio D. Barbosa
- & Philip A. Wigge
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Article |
Plant 22-nt siRNAs mediate translational repression and stress adaptation
Characterization of 22-nucleotide short interfering RNAs in plants finds that they accumulate in response to environmental stress, causing translational repression, inhibition of plant growth and enhanced stress responses.
- Huihui Wu
- , Bosheng Li
- & Hongwei Guo
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Article |
A plant genetic network for preventing dysbiosis in the phyllosphere
Mutations in genes involved in immune signalling and vesicle trafficking cause defects in the leaf microbiome of Arabidopsis thaliana that result in damage to leaf tissues, suggesting mechanisms by which terrestrial plants control the level and diversity of endophytic phyllosphere microbiota.
- Tao Chen
- , Kinya Nomura
- & Sheng Yang He
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Article |
Hydrogen peroxide sensor HPCA1 is an LRR receptor kinase in Arabidopsis
HPCA1, a member of a previously uncharacterized subfamily of leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases, is the hydrogen-peroxide sensor at the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis.
- Feihua Wu
- , Yuan Chi
- & Zhen-Ming Pei
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Article |
The strength and pattern of natural selection on gene expression in rice
Phenotypic selection analysis is used to estimate the type and strength of selection that acts on more than 15,000 transcripts in rice (Oryza sativa), which provides insight into the adaptive evolutionary role of selection on gene expression.
- Simon C. Groen
- , Irina Ćalić
- & Michael D. Purugganan
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Article |
Plant cell-surface GIPC sphingolipids sense salt to trigger Ca2+ influx
The sphingolipid GIPC in the plant cell plasma membrane binds to sodium and triggers calcium influx, thereby triggering responses to excess salt such as efflux of sodium ions from cells.
- Zhonghao Jiang
- , Xiaoping Zhou
- & Zhen-Ming Pei
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Article |
Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change
With global warming, Andean forests are changing to include more trees of low-elevation, heat-loving species but rates of compositional change are not uniform across elevations and are insufficient to keep species in equilibrium with climate.
- Belén Fadrique
- , Selene Báez
- & Kenneth J. Feeley
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Letter |
A small peptide modulates stomatal control via abscisic acid in long-distance signalling
In an Arabidopsis model, the CLE25 peptide acts as a root-to-shoot signalling molecule that modulates abscisic acid expression to close stomata and enhance resistance to dehydration.
- Fuminori Takahashi
- , Takehiro Suzuki
- & Kazuo Shinozaki
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Root microbiota drive direct integration of phosphate stress and immunity
In Arabidopsis thaliana, a genetic network that controls the phosphate stress response also influences the structure of the root microbiome community, even under non-stress phosphate conditions.
- Gabriel Castrillo
- , Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- & Jeffery L. Dangl
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Letter |
Reducing phosphorus accumulation in rice grains with an impaired transporter in the node
The phosphorous transporter SPDT is identified in rice; depletion of the transporter gene alters the phosphorus distribution in rice grains and leaves, suggesting that the strategy could be used for agricultural purposes.
- Naoki Yamaji
- , Yuma Takemoto
- & Jian Feng Ma
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Letter |
Chemical intervention in plant sugar signalling increases yield and resilience
Treatment with signalling precursors of trehalose-6-phosphate allows light-triggered release of trehalose-6-phosphate in Arabidopsis thaliana and increases the yield and drought resistance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum).
- Cara A. Griffiths
- , Ram Sagar
- & Benjamin G. Davis
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Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence
A combination of high humidity and bacterial effectors, such as Pseudomonas syringae HopM1, creates an aqueous environment in the apoplast of immunodeficient Arabidopsis thaliana that allows non-pathogenic P. syringae strains to become virulent pathogens.
- Xiu-Fang Xin
- , Kinya Nomura
- & Sheng Yang He
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Letter
| Open Access
Single-molecule sequencing of the desiccation-tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum
Oropetium thomaeum is a resurrection plant that can survive extreme water stress through desiccation to complete dryness, providing a model for drought tolerance; here, whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the Oropetium genome using single-molecule real-time sequencing is reported.
- Robert VanBuren
- , Doug Bryant
- & Todd C. Mockler
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Letter |
Carbonic anhydrases, EPF2 and a novel protease mediate CO2 control of stomatal development
The continuing rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations suppresses the development of stomatal pores, and thus gas exchange, in plant leaves on a global scale; now, a framework of mechanisms by which carbon dioxide represses development has been identified.
- Cawas B. Engineer
- , Majid Ghassemian
- & Julian I. Schroeder
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Outlook |
The dry facts
Drought has wreaked havoc throughout history, destroying crops and causing famine and conflict. And it could be getting worse.
- Olive Heffernan
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Outlook |
Microbiome: Soil science comes to life
Plants may be getting a little help with their tolerance of drought and heat.
- Roger East
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Outlook |
Modelling: Predictive yield
Farmers would benefit from better long-range weather forecasts. What else can science provide to help them decide what to plant?
- Neil Savage
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Outlook |
Water: The flow of technology
Farmers must develop new approaches if they are to keep producing crops as water supplies dwindle.
- Katherine Bourzac
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Outlook |
Crop pests: Under attack
The threat of insects to agriculture is set to increase as the planet warms. What action can we take to safeguard our crops?
- Amy Maxmen
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Outlook |
Perspectives: Legislating change
What should governments do to enhance sustainable agriculture and mitigate droughts?
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Outlook |
Plant breeding: Discovery in a dry spell
Improved crops have helped farmers maintain yields in times of drought. But as climate change looms, will the gains keep coming?
- Michael Eisenstein
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Letter |
Homeostatic response to hypoxia is regulated by the N-end rule pathway in plants
- Daniel J. Gibbs
- , Seung Cho Lee
- & Michael J. Holdsworth
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Letter |
Oxygen sensing in plants is mediated by an N-end rule pathway for protein destabilization
- Francesco Licausi
- , Monika Kosmacz
- & Joost T. van Dongen
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Letter |
An siRNA pathway prevents transgenerational retrotransposition in plants subjected to stress
The transcription of repetitive elements such as retrotransposons is normally repressed, to prevent their unchecked dissemination throughout the genome. This study shows that heat stress induces the transcription of the ONSEN retroelement. The accumulation of ONSEN is suppressed by small interfering RNAs. When siRNAs were absent, new ONSEN insertions were found in the progeny of heat-stressed plants, having transposed during differentiation. These results imply a memory of stress that can be counteracted by siRNAs.
- Hidetaka Ito
- , Hervé Gaubert
- & Jerzy Paszkowski
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Research Highlights |
More plants, more cooling
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News |
Drought-tolerant maize gets US debut
Seed companies race to tap multibillion-dollar market.
- Jeff Tollefson
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News |
Amazon drought raises research doubts
Studies highlight uncertainties over effects of climate change.
- Jeff Tollefson
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News |
China drought highlights future climate threats
Yunnan's worst drought for many years has been exacerbated by destruction of forest cover and a history of poor water management.
- Jane Qiu
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Research Highlights |
Plant biology: Seeking enlightenment
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Woody shrubs don't slurp up water
Clearing encroaching plants from savannah might make drought worse.
- Erik Vance
The temperature sensor TWA1 is required for thermotolerance in Arabidopsis