Focus 

Exosomes

Extracellular microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXs) are the major types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) which can carry and transfer molecular messages (proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs,etc). Thereby, EVs could serve to mark the changes of the producing cells and to function on the recipient cells. These features deem EVs as potential biomarkers and pharmacological targets for various diseases including metabolic, vascular and neurological diseases and tumors. The current special feature provides reviews and original research articles on novel pharmacological studies of MVs and EXs.

Yanfang Chen (Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA)

Yaoliang Tang (Department of Medicine,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA)

Guo-Chang Fan (Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA)

Dayue Darrel Duan (Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA)