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Open Access
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Correspondence |
Three reasons why AI doesn’t model human language
- Johan J. Bolhuis
- , Stephen Crain
- & Andrea Moro
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Career Feature |
Communication barriers for a Deaf PhD student meant risking burnout
Megan Majocha is gearing up to complete her PhD. But developing a sign-language lexicon to help her succeed took an immense toll during her scientific research.
- Jyoti Madhusoodanan
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News |
This AI learnt language by seeing the world through a baby’s eyes
A neural network that taught itself to recognize objects using the filmed experiences of a single infant could offer new insights into how humans learn.
- Elizabeth Gibney
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Article
| Open Access
Single-neuronal elements of speech production in humans
Neuropixels recordings from the language-dominant prefrontal cortex reveal a structured organization of planned words, an encoding cascade of phonetic representations by prefrontal neurons in humans and a cellular process that could support the production of speech.
- Arjun R. Khanna
- , William Muñoz
- & Ziv M. Williams
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News & Views |
From the archive: the royal ‘we’, and an experiment in telegraphy
Snippets from Nature’s past.
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Article
| Open Access
Large-scale single-neuron speech sound encoding across the depth of human cortex
High-density single-neuron recordings show diverse tuning for acoustic and phonetic features across layers in human auditory speech cortex.
- Matthew K. Leonard
- , Laura Gwilliams
- & Edward F. Chang
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News & Views |
Ancient DNA uncovers past migrations in California
Genomic data from ancient humans who lived up to 7,400 years ago, sampled from across California and Mexico, unveil patterns of migration that could explain how some Indigenous languages spread in parts of North America.
- Alan Izarraras-Gomez
- & Diego Ortega-Del Vecchyo
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Perspective |
Functional neuroimaging as a catalyst for integrated neuroscience
This Perspective reviews successful applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and presents a case for fMRI as a central hub on which to integrate the dispersed subfields of systems, cognitive, computational and clinical neuroscience.
- Emily S. Finn
- , Russell A. Poldrack
- & James M. Shine
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News & Views |
From the archive: lost in translation, and fascinating frogs
Snippets from Nature’s past.
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Career Column |
How my broken elbow made the ableism of computer programming personal
Amy Ko’s accident gave her an insight into the degree to which her discipline caters mainly to non-disabled people, reinspiring her to invent more accessible programming languages.
- Amy Ko
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News |
Scientists who don’t speak fluent English get little help from journals, study finds
An analysis of hundreds of publications finds limited efforts to accommodate scientists who are not native English speakers.
- Mariana Lenharo
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Article
| Open Access
A cell-type-specific error-correction signal in the posterior parietal cortex
A molecularly defined subset of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons in the mouse posterior parietal cortex carries a cell-type-specific error-correction signal for navigation.
- Jonathan Green
- , Carissa A. Bruno
- & Christopher D. Harvey
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Article
| Open Access
A rise-to-threshold process for a relative-value decision
The Drosophila egg-deposition motor programme is initiated once a rise-to-threshold process hits a threshold, and subthreshold variation in this process regulates the time spent considering options.
- Vikram Vijayan
- , Fei Wang
- & Gaby Maimon
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Article
| Open Access
The dynamics of pattern matching in camouflaging cuttlefish
The cuttlefish Sepia officinalis uses high-dimensional skin patterns for camouflage, and the pattern matching process is not stereotyped—each search meanders through skin-pattern space, decelerating and accelerating repeatedly before stabilizing.
- Theodosia Woo
- , Xitong Liang
- & Gilles Laurent
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Article |
Expertise increases planning depth in human gameplay
A computational model based on a heuristic value function and forward search algorithm predicts human choices, response times and eye movements in games of games of four-in-a-row, and shows evidence for increased planning and improved attention with increased expertise.
- Bas van Opheusden
- , Ionatan Kuperwajs
- & Wei Ji Ma
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Article
| Open Access
Geometric constraints on human brain function
Cortical and subcortical activity can be parsimoniously understood as resulting from excitations of fundamental, resonant modes of the brain’s geometry rather than from modes of complex interregional connectivity.
- James C. Pang
- , Kevin M. Aquino
- & Alex Fornito
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Article
| Open Access
A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex
Functional MRI studies across ages show that the classic homunculus of the motor cortex in humans is in fact discontinuous, alternating with action control-linked regions termed the somato-cognitive action network.
- Evan M. Gordon
- , Roselyne J. Chauvin
- & Nico U. F. Dosenbach
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Matters Arising
| Open Access
Multivariate BWAS can be replicable with moderate sample sizes
- Tamas Spisak
- , Ulrike Bingel
- & Tor D. Wager
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Matters Arising
| Open Access
Reply to: Multivariate BWAS can be replicable with moderate sample sizes
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- , Scott Marek
- & Nico U. F. Dosenbach
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Article
| Open Access
Brain–phenotype models fail for individuals who defy sample stereotypes
Predictive models that relate brain activity to phenotype reliably fail when applied to subgroups of participants who do not fit stereotypical profiles, showing that the utility of a one-size-fits-all modelling approach is limited.
- Abigail S. Greene
- , Xilin Shen
- & R. Todd Constable
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Article
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Cortical feedback loops bind distributed representations of working memory
Experiments in mice alternating between a visual working memory task and a task that is independent of working memory provide insight into the neural representation of working memory and the distributed nature of its maintenance.
- Ivan Voitov
- & Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel
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Article |
Prefrontal feature representations drive memory recall
Longitudinal imaging and functional perturbations during behaviour identified a brain region that represents constituent features of a contextual memory and enables feature-mediated memory recall.
- Nakul Yadav
- , Chelsea Noble
- & Priyamvada Rajasethupathy
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News Q&A |
How language-generation AIs could transform science
Shobita Parthasarathy warns that software designed to summarize, translate and write like humans might exacerbate distrust in science.
- Richard Van Noorden
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Article
| Open Access
Brain charts for the human lifespan
MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
- R. A. I. Bethlehem
- , J. Seidlitz
- & A. F. Alexander-Bloch
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Article |
Entropy of city street networks linked to future spatial navigation ability
An analysis of spatial navigation in nearly 400,000 people shows, by measuring their performance in a video game, that individuals who grew up outside cities are better at navigation than those who grew up in cities.
- A. Coutrot
- , E. Manley
- & H. J. Spiers
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Article
| Open Access
Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals
Combined data from three large studies, with a total sample size of around 50,000 individuals, indicate that many previous studies linking the brain to complex phenotypes have been statistically underpowered, producing inflated and irreproducible effects.
- Scott Marek
- , Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- & Nico U. F. Dosenbach
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Article |
Frontal neurons driving competitive behaviour and ecology of social groups
Wireless tracking of neuronal activity in social groups of mice identifies neurons in the anterior cingulate that hold representations of an animal’s social rank and can influence the competitive effort that the animal exerts.
- S. William Li
- , Omer Zeliger
- & Ziv M. Williams
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Article |
Differential mechanisms underlie trace and delay conditioning in Drosophila
Trace and delay conditioning experiments in Drosophila reveal the different neurons and signalling mechanisms that underlie this behaviour and highlight similarities with observations of learning experiences in mammals.
- Dhruv Grover
- , Jen-Yung Chen
- & Ralph J. Greenspan
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Article |
A speech planning network for interactive language use
Using intracranial electrocorticography and a series of motor tasks, a speech planning network that is central to natural language generation during social interaction is identified.
- Gregg A. Castellucci
- , Christopher K. Kovach
- & Michael A. Long
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News & Views |
Tracking the origin of Transeurasian languages
A triangulation of linguistic, archaeological and genetic data suggests that the Transeurasian language family originated in a population of grain farmers in China around 9,000 years ago, and that agriculture underpinned its spread.
- Peter Bellwood
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Article
| Open Access
Thalamic circuits for independent control of prefrontal signal and noise
Two different cell types in the mediodorsal thalamus have complementary roles in decision-making, with one type of mediodorsal projection amplifying prefrontal activity under low signal levels and one type suppressing it under high noise levels.
- Arghya Mukherjee
- , Norman H. Lam
- & Michael M. Halassa
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Article |
Sensory processing during sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
The authors develop a paradigm to study sensory discrimination during sleep in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Alice S. French
- , Quentin Geissmann
- & Giorgio F. Gilestro
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News |
African languages to get more bespoke scientific terms
Many words common to science have never been written in African languages. Now, researchers from across Africa are changing that.
- Sarah Wild
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News & Views |
From the archive
Nature’s pages feature a 1921 look at the origin of some English place-names, and an 1871 report of a polar expedition.
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Article |
Shared mechanisms underlie the control of working memory and attention
The prefrontal cortex in monkeys controls working memory in a similar way to attention, by selectively transforming the representations of remembered items.
- Matthew F. Panichello
- & Timothy J. Buschman
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Article |
Reset of hippocampal–prefrontal circuitry facilitates learning
Exposure to a novel experience can ‘reset’ connections between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice, allowing them to overcome an existing learned behaviour and to replace it with a new one.
- Alan J. Park
- , Alexander Z. Harris
- & Joshua A. Gordon
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Article |
Single-neuronal predictions of others’ beliefs in humans
Recordings of cells in the human dorsomedial prefrontal cortex identify a population of neurons that encode information about others’ beliefs and distinguish them from self-belief-related representations, providing insight into cellular-level processing underlying human theory of mind.
- Mohsen Jamali
- , Benjamin L. Grannan
- & Ziv M. Williams
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Article |
Decoding and perturbing decision states in real time
In macaque motor cortex, moment-to-moment fluctuations in neurally derived decision variables are tightly linked to decision state and predict behavioural choices with better accuracy than condition-averaged decision variables or the visual stimulus alone, and can be used to distinguish between different models of decision making.
- Diogo Peixoto
- , Jessica R. Verhein
- & William T. Newsome
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Article |
Activation and disruption of a neural mechanism for novel choice in monkeys
The primate medial frontal cortex has a key role in mediating the ability to choose between new options based on little or no direct experience.
- Alessandro Bongioanni
- , Davide Folloni
- & Matthew F. S. Rushworth
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Article |
Evolving schema representations in orbitofrontal ensembles during learning
Rats learning to solve a succession of odour-sequence problems developed an orbitofrontal cortical representation that reflected the structure—or schema—common across problems.
- Jingfeng Zhou
- , Chunying Jia
- & Geoffrey Schoenbaum
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Article |
Boundary-anchored neural mechanisms of location-encoding for self and others
In real-world spatial navigation and observation tasks, oscillatory activity in the human brain encodes representations of self and others, with oscillatory power increasing at locations near the boundaries of the room.
- Matthias Stangl
- , Uros Topalovic
- & Nanthia Suthana
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Article |
Availability of food determines the need for sleep in memory consolidation
Hunger status in a fly is shown to drive either sleep-dependent or sleep-independent memory formation through different mushroom body circuits.
- Nitin S. Chouhan
- , Leslie C. Griffith
- & Amita Sehgal
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Article |
Coupling of hippocampal theta and ripples with pontogeniculooccipital waves
Studies using multi-structure recordings in macaque monkeys show that distinct phasic pontogeniculooccipital waves modulate hippocampal network events similar to those that underlie the learning and formation of memories during sleep.
- Juan F. Ramirez-Villegas
- , Michel Besserve
- & Nikos K. Logothetis
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Article |
Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking
Lapses in attention before remembering partially account for why we remember or forget in the moment, why some individuals remember better than others, and why heavier media multitasking is related to worse memory.
- Kevin P. Madore
- , Anna M. Khazenzon
- & Anthony D. Wagner
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Article |
eIF2α controls memory consolidation via excitatory and somatostatin neurons
Stimulation of de novo protein synthesis in both excitatory and inhibitory, somatostatin-expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus enhances memory consolidation.
- Vijendra Sharma
- , Rapita Sood
- & Nahum Sonenberg
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News |
From ACTH to DNA: the rise of acronyms in research
More than one million abbreviations have been used in biomedical papers since 1950 — but just a fraction appear regularly.
- Giorgia Guglielmi
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News |
Has Twitter just had its saddest fortnight ever?
A tool that quantifies global happiness on social media recorded an unprecedented dip in mood starting in May.
- Giuliana Viglione
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Article |
Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
The results obtained by seventy different teams analysing the same functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset show substantial variation, highlighting the influence of analytical choices and the importance of sharing workflows publicly and performing multiple analyses.
- Rotem Botvinik-Nezer
- , Felix Holzmeister
- & Tom Schonberg
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Article |
Olfactory sniffing signals consciousness in unresponsive patients with brain injuries
Odorant-dependent sniff responses predicted the long-term survival rates of patients with severe brain injury, and discriminated between individuals who were unresponsive and in minimally conscious states.
- Anat Arzi
- , Liron Rozenkrantz
- & Noam Sobel
Control of working memory by phase–amplitude coupling of human hippocampal neurons